华为开卖Mate 60 Pro，是中美晶片战的上甘岭?
中美之间的半導体之战，是二国科技的争覇战. 中国有半導体的市场，有半導体的基础制造能力，在高端却是有差距. 但是有这些基础能力的垫底，才能讓我們面對日後的困難，更為樂觀而堅毅.华为抗压靭性，在Mate 60 Pro手机的生产,展现出来是自己不屈不挠，冲破困難的决心和毅力. 我看是别人抯擋不了的.所以就是自立更生，也能用. 自己就先立于不败之地. 若还能再有互利共赢的良性循环，大家何乐不为？

张维为:美国制裁华为芯片时，我就预测美国会输得很惨.




拜登的半導体搏弈終将是一场春梦: 晶片战对美国而言是制造业的最后堡垒之战，对中国而言，几乎是国运之战，关系到包括气车在内的所有具有智能的产业。下面寒风时评把2021年来拜登一系列对华半導体的围堵措施，作了疏理：
— 2021年四月拜登在白宫找了19家大型企业，开了一个半導体大会，透过事前的認知战运作：中国半導体供应链的成长，威胁到美国半導体产业，拜等政府将要斥巨资加持美国的半導体产业。此时以SIA为首的美国半導体公司，是支持拜登的。

— 2022年八月，拜登的‘芯片和科学’法案終於推出来了。仅管数目龐大，但是70%是要投入R&D，剩下来的由各个半導体生产公司来分，但是接受補贴的公司，先要和美国政府分享业務机秘，赚钱后又要和美国政府分享利润，使这些公司望而却步，SIA的成员开始反弹，台积电和三星，更是陷入两难。

— 2022年十月，美国工业安全局祭出了大招，对半導体的软件和硬件，包括生产器材，实施出口管制。SIA立刻大声反对，说这会打断从中国市场赚取大量利润，再投入研发的良性循环。拜登的做法，是筑起了人工壁垒，徹底结束了中国半导体过去造不如买的短视态度，给大陆本土的器材和原料的供应商，带来了前所未有的历史机遇。

虽然苏利文最近在与美国晶片三巨头CEO见面后，修正的晶片战的策略为‘小院高墙’，但是对大陆半導体工业而言，心里上的壁垒已经是长期的存在，对於本土的器材以及原材料供应商的加持，随着性价比的逐渐提升，只会是有增无减，本土半導体产业链的构建已经蔚为野火燎原之势，再也不可逆转。

华为无预警的在雷梦多訪华时，开卖Mate 60 Pro，就是吹响了半導体业总反攻的号角，川拜先后联手举全国和盟友之力，对华为的围堵之战，終将成为世界半导体史上史诗级的上甘岭之战。



獨家曝光華為麒麟封裝照！ 中國芯重演「抗美援朝」戲碼？
【鄭亦真辣晚報】揭密!華為5G手機有多厲害?



華盛顿郵報对华为开卖Mate 60 Pro手机的報導
New phone sparks worry China has
found a way around U.S. tech limits
By Eva Dou
Chinese chip stocks surged in value after Huawei Technologies introduced its latest Mate 60 Pro phone. According to AnTuTu, a Chinese benchmarking website, the phone features a Kirin 9000s CPU
designed by HiSilicon that supports 5G. (Alex Plavevski/EPA-EFE/Shutterstock)
As Commerce Secretary Gina Raimondo was visiting China earlier this week, a sea-green Chinese smartphone was quietly launched online. 
It was no normal gadget. And its launch has sparked hushed concern in Washington that U.S. sanctions have failed to prevent China from making a key technological advance. Such a development would seem to fulfill warnings from U.S. chipmakers that sanctions wouldn’t stop China, but would spur it to redouble efforts to build alternatives to U.S. technology. 
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Huawei Technologies Co.’s new smartphone, the Mate 60 Pro, represents a new high-water mark in China’s technological capabilities, with an advanced chip inside that was both designed and manufactured in China despite onerous U.S. export controls intended to prevent China from making this technical jump. Those sanctions were first imposed by the Trump administration and continued under President Biden. 
The timing of the phone announcement on Monday, while Raimondo was in Beijing, appeared to be a show of defiance. Chinese state media declared it showed the U.S. that trade war was a “failure.” 
Paul Triolo, the technology policy lead at the Washington-based business consulting firm Albright Stonebridge Group, called the new phone “a major blow to all of Huawei’s former technology suppliers, mostly U.S. companies.” 
“The major geopolitical significance,” he said, “has been to show that it is possible to completely
design [without] U.S. technology and still produce a product that may not be quite as good as cutting edge Western models, but is still quite capable.” 
Biden administration officials declined to comment. 
U.S. Commerce Secretary Gina Raimondo, center, leaves after a news conference at the Boeing Shanghai
Aviation Service Co., in Shanghai on Aug. 30. (Andy Wong/AFP/Getty Images)
How powerful the new chip design is remains an open question. Unusually, Huawei revealed little about key aspects of the phone in its announcement, such as whether it was 5G-enabled or what process was used to produce it. In a statement, Huawei simply touted the phone as making breakthroughs in “satellite communications.”  
China’s official broadcaster, CGTN, in a post on X, formerly known as Twitter, called the phone Huawei’s “first higher-end processor” since U.S. sanctions were imposed and said the chip it contains was made by Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corp., a company partially owned by the Chinese government. 
One person told The Washington Post that the Mate 60 Pro has a 5G chip. Speed tests posted by early buyers of the phone online suggest its performance is similar to top-of-the-line 5G phones. In July, Reuters reported Huawei’s imminent return to the 5G phone market, citing three technology research firms speaking on the condition of anonymity.
 Nikkei Asia has reported, citing sources, that SMIC would be using what’s known as the “7-nanometer process” to make the chips for Huawei, the most advanced level in China. This would be on par with the process used for the chips inside Apple’s iPhones launched in 2018. Apple’s latest iPhone chips were made by the Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, using what is known as the four-nanometer process. A nanometer is a measure of chip size, with the fewer nanometers in the process, the better. A piece of paper is about 100,000 nanometers thick.  
U.S. sanctions were intended to slow China’s progress in emerging fields like artificial intelligence and big data by cutting off its ability to buy or build advanced semiconductors, which are the brains of these systems. The unveiling of a domestically produced seven-nanometer chip suggests that has not happened. 
Industry experts cautioned that it’s still too early to tell how competitive China’s chipmaking operations will become. But what is clear is that China is still in the game. 
“This shows that Chinese companies like Huawei still have plenty of capability to innovate,” said Chris Miller, a professor at Tufts University and author of the book “Chip War.” “I think it will also probably intensify debate in Washington on whether restrictions are to be tightened.” 
A Huawei Technologies Co. Mate 60 Pro smartphone. Chinese state media jumped aboard a groundswell of national pride surrounding Huawei’s latest smartphone, portraying the gadget as a technological marvel that delivered a much-needed victory over U.S. sanctions. (Justin Chin/Bloomberg News)
Few stakeholders have yet to voice opinions publicly, as industry groups seek to confirm more details and evaluate their stances. But there is no doubt the new Huawei phone has sparked discussions of what comes next. “There is a lot of activity,” said Craig Allen, president of the U.S.-China Business Council, a nonprofit group that promotes trade between the United States and China.
“This development will almost certainly prompt much stronger calls for further tightening of export control licensing for U.S. suppliers of Huawei, who continue to be able to ship commodity semiconductors that are not used for 5G applications,” Triolo said. 
On the other hand, he added, “U.S. semiconductor companies would prefer to be able to continue to ship commodity semiconductors to Huawei and other Chinese end users, to maintain market share and stave off the designing [without] U.S. technology from Chinese supply chains more broadly.”
 Washington faced a similar quandary of how to hobble the Soviet Union’s technological development during the Cold War. Willy Shih, an economist at Harvard Business School, said Huawei’s breakthrough was evocative of what happened with Global Positioning System technology, now commonly known as GPS. The U.S. Defense Department developed the technology and restricted its export, wary of it in the hands of rivals. But the export restrictions pushed Moscow and other governments to develop their own versions, Shih said. 
“So it went from a situation where the U.S. really dominated that technology and everyone would come to the U.S. to buy it, to now there are all these different alternatives,” he said. “And you have to wonder if the same thing is happening now with Huawei.”
China’s race to build an advanced homegrown chip began in May 2019, when, amid the Trump administration’s trade war with China, the Commerce Department put Huawei on its “Entity List,” prohibiting U.S. companies from doing business with it. Some wondered if it was a “death penalty” for Huawei, with the company choked from obtaining key components.

Huawei had long been in the crosshairs of Washington as the sharpest tip of China’s tech industry. Since
2012, Huawei has been the world’s largest supplier of the equipment needed to operate the global internet, a position it has maintained despite U.S. sanctions. Huawei files more patent applications than any other company in China, and a constellation of Chinese start-ups rely on Huawei’s AI algorithms to build their own applications for face and voice recognition, pattern identification and other purposes.  
Huawei’s business lines include geopolitically sensitive products including mobile base stations that provide nations with cell coverage, video-surveillance gear for police and submarine cable systems, which all require chips as their brains. 
In the wake of the sanctions, Ren Zhengfei, Huawei’s charismatic founder who got his start in China’s army engineering corps, rallied Huawei’s staff for an all-out fight for the survival of their company. They stockpiled chips from overseas suppliers, predicting that Washington might close loopholes in the sanctions. This indeed came to pass. Washington plugged the loopholes one by one, including sanctioning SMIC, the only factory in China potentially capable of manufacturing advanced chips for Huawei — and pushing for suppliers of specialized chipmaking gear to halt sales to China more broadly. 
A Huawei store in Shanghai (Alex Plavevski/EPA-EFE/Shutterstock)
Since then, Huawei has hunkered down into survival mode, drawing on its stockpiled chips as it raced to secure a domestic chipmaking solution. 
SMIC has striven to make cutting-edge chips since its founding in 2000, but the dream had long seemed
pie-in-the-sky. Each generation of chips reflects a new frontier in just how microscopically small humans can draw precise designs into a sheet of silicon. By the time SMIC caught up to one generation, industry leaders had raced further ahead based on new breakthroughs by the world’s brightest physicists
and technicians.
 “It’s hard to catch up because chips are the most complex manufactured good humans have ever produced,” Miller said. “There’s nothing more complicated that humans make … this is really hard stuff.” 
Miller says a considerable gap remains between SMIC’s capabilities and those of TSMC, the industry leader that produces the newest chips for companies like Apple. It also remains unclear if SMIC can produce advanced chips at a scale and cost that will make its products
globally competitive. 
Shih said that regardless of if SMIC can reach the cutting edge, the foundry will certainly be able to produce older-generation chips at scale, possibly pushing down prices of chips worldwide. “We will see price pressure and commoditization pressure,” he said. 
U.S. companies like Intel and Qualcomm have already lost significant sales in China, the world’s
second-largest economy, due to the U.S. sanctions, crimping their research and development budgets. U.S. executives fear this could weigh on their long-term strength, in an industry where only a few of the strongest, fastest companies tend to survive.
 “It starts a downward spiral in ability, to not be competitive with the rest of the world,” said an industry
executive, who spoke on the condition of anonymity because of the sensitivity
of the subject.
Since the U.S. chip sanctions began, Beijing has flexed what muscles it can to prevent more of the global chip industry from falling under Washington’s sway. For instance, Intel recently announced it will have to pay $353 million in termination fees to Israel’s Tower Semiconductor after failing to acquire Chinese regulatory approval for the acquisition.
 Ellen Nakashima contributed to this
report.


贴主:ywhan于2023_09_04 14:45:21编辑