TED演讲 | 介绍复杂的科学观点，4分钟就够了
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梅丽莎·马歇尔从非科学人员的角度向所有的科学家们传达了一个信息：你们所从事的工作让我们着迷，那就跟我们说说吧——用我们能理解的方式。在短短的四分钟里，她分享了一些向普通观众介绍复杂的科学观点时的建议，这些观点极具实效性。

 

演讲者：梅丽莎·马歇尔

演讲题目: 介绍复杂的科学观点，4分钟就够了
Five years ago, I experienced a bit of what it must have been like to be Alice in Wonderland.
五年前，我曾有过一个有如漫游爱丽丝仙境的经历。
Penn State asked me, a communications teacher, to teach a communications class for engineering students.宾夕法尼亚州立大学让我这个教沟通学的老师给工程系的学生上沟通学课。
And I was scared. Really scared.我被吓到了。我真的被吓坏了。
Scared of these students with their big brains and their big books and their big, unfamiliar words.这些学生发达的大脑，还有他们所读的巨著及他们使用的又长又生僻的词语通通都吓到我了。
But as these conversations unfolded,不过随着对话的展开，
I experienced what Alice must have when she went down that rabbit hole and saw that door to a whole new world.我的经历就如爱丽丝一样，顺着那个兔子洞下去，看到了那扇通往一个全新世界的大门。
That's just how I felt as I had those conversations with the students.这就是我和那些学生们对话时的感受。
I was amazed at the ideas that they had, and I wanted others to experience this wonderland as well.我对他们的想法感到惊奇，而且我希望其他人也能体验这种在仙境中的感觉。
And I believe the key to opening that door is great communication.我相信打开那扇门的关键就是要有很好的交流与沟通。
We desperately need great communication from our scientists and engineers in order to change the world.为了改变世界，我们迫切需要从我们的科学家和工程师那里得到良好的沟通。
Our scientists and engineers are the ones that are tackling our grandest challenges, from energy to environment to health care, among others, and if we don't know about it and understand it, then the work isn't done, and I believe it's our responsibility as non-scientists to have these interactions.我们的科学家和工程师们解决的都是我们所面临的最大的难题，从能源到环境再到卫生保健，等等。如果我们不明白也不理解的话，他们的工作对我们就没有什么意义了，并且我相信，我们作为非科学家们有责任与他们进行互动交流。
But these great conversations can't occur if our scientists and engineers don't invite us in to see their wonderland.可是如果我们的科学家和工程师们不把我们领进门去看看他们的仙境的话，我们之间也就不可能有很好的交流。
So scientists and engineers, please, talk nerdy to us.所以科学家和工程师们，请跟我们说说高科技是什么吧。
I want to share a few keys on how you can do that to make sure that we can see that your science is sexy and that your engineering is engaging.我想来分享几个有用的方法，告诉你们如何才能保证让我们也觉得你们的科学"性感"迷人、你们的工程学魅力四射。
First question to answer for us: so what?第一个要回答我们的问题：高科技又怎样？
Tell us why your science is relevant to us.告诉我们，为什么你们的科学与我们有关。
Don't just tell me that you study trabeculae, but tell me that you study trabeculae, which is the mesh-like structure of our bones because it's important to understanding and treating osteoporosis.别光告诉我你们研究骨小梁，要告诉我你们研究骨小梁是因为这种骨骼的网状组织对认识和治疗骨质疏松症很重要。
And when you're describing your science, beware of jargon.另外当你们描述科学原理时，要注意术语的使用。
Jargon is a barrier to our understanding of your ideas.术语是我们理解你们想法的一个障碍。
Sure, you can say "spatial and temporal," but why not just say "space and time," which is so much more accessible to us?当然了，你们可以说“空间性与瞬时性”，可是为什么不说"空间与时间"呢？这对我们来说容易理解多了。
And making your ideas accessible is not the same as dumbing it down.让你们的想法简单易懂并不等于简化它。
Instead, as Einstein said, make everything as simple as possible, but no simpler.相反，正如爱因斯坦所说，让一切尽可能的简单，而不是简化。
You can clearly communicate your science without compromising the ideas.你不必非得改变你的观点才能清楚地传达出你的科学理论。
A few things to consider are having examples, stories and analogies.可以考虑用一些例子、故事还有类比。
Those are ways to engage and excite us about your content.这些都是使你们的谈论内容吸引我们、让我们兴奋的方法。
And when presenting your work, drop the bullet points.还有在用幻灯片演示你们的研究成果时，不要使用点句式。
Have you ever wondered why they're called bullet points?你想过为什么点句式符号叫"子弹"点儿吗？
What do bullets do? Bullets kill, and they will kill your presentation.子弹是干什么的？子弹能杀人，也能灭了你的演示报告。
A slide like this is not only boring, but it relies too much on the language area of our brain, and causes us to become overwhelmed.像这样的幻灯片不仅仅乏味无聊，而且太过依赖我们大脑的语言区，使我们不知所措。
Instead, this example slide by Genevieve Brown is much more effective.而这张由Genevieve Brown制作的示例幻灯片效果就好多了。
It's showing that the special structure of trabeculae are so strong that they actually inspired the unique design of the Eiffel Tower.它向我们说明骨小梁的特殊结构超级强大，甚至连埃菲尔铁塔的独特设计都受到了它的启发。
And the trick here is to use a single, readable sentence that the audience can key into if they get a bit lost, and then provide visuals which appeal to our other senses and create a deeper sense of understanding of what's being described.这里的窍门就是使用简单、易读的句子，让观众即使有点儿不明白也能够掌握要点，然后接下来提供一些能够刺激我们感官的图像，并且能让我们对所描述的内容有更深层次的理解。
So I think these are just a few keys that can help the rest of us to open that door and see the wonderland that is science and engineering.以上这些就是我觉得能够帮助我们大家打开那扇大门的钥匙，感受科学与工程学仙境的好方法。
And because the engineers that I've worked with have taught me to become really in touch with my inner nerd, I want to summarize with an equation.那么因为与我共事过的工程师们教会我接触我内心存在的学术狂人，我想用一个方程式来总结一下我的观点。
Take your science, subtract your bullet points and your jargon, divide by relevance, meaning share what's relevant to the audience, and multiply it by the passion that you have for this incredible work that you're doing, and that is going to equal incredible interactions that are full of understanding.用你们研究的科学，减去你们的点句式和术语，除以相关内容，就是要分享和观众有关的内容，再乘以你对自己正在从事的这份神奇工作的激情，它就会等于：具备充分理解的、效果惊人的互动交流。
And so, scientists and engineers, when you've solved this equation, by all means, talk nerdy to me. Thank you.因此，科学家和工程师们，当你们解决了这个方程式以后，就想尽一切办法，跟我说说高科技吧。谢谢。
Remark：一切权益归TED所有，更多TED相关信息可至官网www.ted.com查询！