2023年全球商业大事记A Look Back at the Top Business Stories of 2023
ANDREW ROSS SORKIN, RAVI MATTU, BERNHARD WARNER, SARAH KESSLER, MICHAEL J. DE LA MERCED, LAUREN HIRSCH, EPHRAT LIVNI《纽时》2023年12月27日
泰勒·斯威夫特的“时代巡回演唱会”成为吸金机器，是有史以来首个营收超10亿美元的巡演。 JUTHARAT PINYODOONYACHET FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
The collapse of Silicon Valley Bank, the conviction of Sam Bankman-Fried, the reassertion of union power and the turmoil at OpenAI were just some of the big business stories in a year that was full of them.
硅谷银行的倒闭、萨姆·班克曼-弗里德的定罪、工会力量的复兴以及OpenAI的动荡都不过是今年发生的无数重大商业事件的之一。
DealBook has chosen photographs of some of the biggest newsmakers, stories and trends from 2023.
“交易录”精选了2023年一些最重要新闻人物、事件和趋势的图片。

11月，英国举办的一场人工智能安全峰会成功邀请到美国和中国和同时参与。 POOL PHOTO BY TOBY MELVILLE
The world races to regulate A.I.
全球竞相监管人工智能
Artificial intelligence had a good year. Investment poured into A.I. start-ups; big tech firms deployed their scale and cloud computing operations to build ties with the field’s new leaders; and Nvidia became the first chipmaker to hit a market capitalization of $1 trillion thanks to demand for its A.I. semiconductors.
今年的人工智能发展十分红火。投资涌入了人工智能初创企业；凭借规模和云计算业务，科技巨头都与人工智能领域的新兴领头羊建立了联系；由于对人工智能半导体的需求增加，英伟达成了首家市值达1万亿美元的芯片制造商。
The investor enthusiasm was matched by worry among lawmakers, who often struggled to keep pace with the companies developing the technology. But the first steps toward developing regulations for A.I. have been taken. President Biden issued an executive order in October focused on the technology’s implications for national security; China imposed restrictions on certain types of A.I.; and E.U. lawmakers passed one of the world’s first regimes to regulate the technology.
投资者有多热情，立法者就有多担忧，他们往往难以跟上开发这项技术的企业的步伐。但制定人工智能监管法规的第一步已经迈出。10月，拜登总统发布了一项行政命令，重点关注该技术对国家安全的影响；中国对某些类型的人工智能施加了限制；欧盟立法者则通过了全球最早的人工智能监管制度之一。
But amid the disparate efforts, there was also an attempt to achieve some measure of international collaboration. Last month, more than two dozen countries, including the rivals U.S. and China, tech executives and researchers attended Britain’s A.I. Safety Summit. The event didn’t end with an agreement for a new set of rules, but the governments warned of the dangers posed by the most advanced A.I. systems and agreed to keep talking.
虽然监管方式各异，但也存在推动某种程度的国际合作的努力。上个月，来自20多个国家——包括作为竞争对手的中美——的科技高管和研究人员参加了在英国举行的人工智能安全峰会。该峰会并未出台新的监管规则，但各国政府都对最先进人工智能系统带来的危险发出了警示，并就继续对话达成一致。

10月，LIV巡回赛的球手在佛罗里达州特朗普多拉国家酒店庆祝团体冠军。 CRISTOBAL HERRERA-ULASHKEVICH/EPA, VIA SHUTTERSTOCK
The PGA Tour and LIV Golf agree to a merger
PGA巡回赛和LIV高尔夫联赛同意合并
On June 6, the PGA Tour, the world’s pre-eminent men’s professional golf circuit, and LIV Golf, a Saudi-funded rival that was poaching top players and posed a serious threat, tentatively agreed to join forces. The decision was a stunning reversal for the PGA Tour and its commissioner, Jay Monahan, and it was negotiated in secret, angering many of the tour’s top players.
PGA巡回赛是世界顶级男子职业高尔夫巡回赛，而沙特投资的LIV高尔夫联赛是正在挖角顶级球手并对前者构成严重威胁的竞争对手，双方于6月6日初步达成了合并协议。这一决定对PGA巡回赛及其总裁杰伊·莫纳汉来说是令人震惊的反转，再加上协商过程的秘而不宣，激怒了许多PGA巡回赛的顶级球手。
The deal demonstrated the growing power of Saudi Arabia in the business of sports. The kingdom has spent billions in soccer, boxing and golf as part of a push to diversify its oil-dependent economy. But many questioned the logic of the deal and pointed to Saudi Arabia’s dismal human rights record. U.S. lawmakers want to know if the Saudi government is using sports to further its strategic objectives as a means of “sportswashing.”
该协议凸显了沙特阿拉伯在体育商业领域日益增长的实力。作为推动其依赖石油的经济实现多样化的部分努力，沙特在足球、拳击和高尔夫项目上投入巨资。但许多人指出了沙特阿拉伯糟糕的人权纪录，对该协议的逻辑提出质疑。美国议员想知道沙特政府是否正在利用体育作为一种“体育洗白”的手段来推进其战略目标。

7月，准备观看《芭比》的影迷在《奥本海默》的电影海报前合影。 CHRIS PIZZELLO/ASSOCIATED PRESS
‘Barbenheimer’ dominates the box office
“芭本海默”主宰票房
In July, two movies that were released on the same day provided a long-awaited signal that theaters had bounced back from the pandemic. “Barbie” is a comedy based on the Mattel doll and directed by Greta Gerwig. “Oppenheimer” is a biopic about the creator of the atomic bomb made by the auteur filmmaker Christopher Nolan. Together, they gave North American multiplexes their biggest weekend since “Avengers: Endgame” arrived in April 2019. Some moviegoers even watched them back-to-back.
在7月同一天上映的两部电影带来了人们期待已久的信号，表明影市已从疫情中复苏。《芭比》(Barbie)是一部以美泰玩偶为主角的喜剧片，由格蕾塔·葛韦格执导。由克里斯托弗·诺兰执导的《奥本海默》(Oppenheimer)是讲述原子弹创造者生平的传记片。这两部影片为北美影市带来了自2019年4月《复仇者联盟4：终局之战》(Avengers: Endgame)上映以来票房最高的周末。一些影迷甚至选择连看两场。
The movies opened as the Writers Guild of America and SAG-AFTRA, the union representing tens of thousands of actors, were both on strike, bringing the industry — and hopes for a consistent stream of hits — to a near standstill. The W.G.A. reached a deal with studios in September and SAG-AFTRA reached an agreement with studios in November.
在这两部影片上映之际，美国编剧工会和代表了数万名演员的演员工会-美国电视和广播艺人联合会（SAG-AFTRA，简称演员工会）都在罢工，导致这个影视行业——以及对热门影视接连上演的期待——几乎陷入停滞。9月，编剧工会与电影公司达成协议，演员工会在11月也达成了协议。

3月，硅谷银行的倒闭成为自2008年金融危机以来最严重的银行倒闭事件。 JASON HENRY FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
Regional bank failures set off a crisis
区域性银行倒闭引发危机
On March 10, in the biggest bank failure since the 2008 financial crisis, the government seized Silicon Valley Bank. A recap: The bank’s clients — spooked by news that the bank was working to shore up its finances and that Moody’s had downgraded its bond rating — had pulled out more than $40 billion of their deposits. On March 12, regulators shut down Signature Bank, a New York-based lender.
3月10日，政府接管了硅谷银行，这是自2008年金融危机以来最为严重的银行倒闭事件。简要回顾如下：该银行财务陷入困境和穆迪下调其债券评级的消息传出后，受到惊吓的客户抢兑了超过400亿美元的存款。3月12日，监管机构关闭了总部位于纽约的签名银行。
The banks’ failures led to fears about the stability of other midsized lenders. Wall Street’s biggest banks agreed to give $30 billion to First Republic and Swiss authorities brokered a deal for UBS’s to take over of its domestic rival, Credit Suisse. But even a multibillion-dollar intervention wasn’t enough to save First Republic: Federal regulators seized the lender in May sold it to JPMorgan Chase.
这些银行的倒闭引发了外界对于其他中型银行稳定性的担忧。华尔街最大的几家银行同意向第一信托银行提供300亿美元的资金，瑞士当局也促成了瑞士银行收购其国内竞争对手瑞信银行的交易。但如此大手笔的干预也不足以挽救第一信托银行：联邦监管机构于5月接管该银行，并将其出售给摩根大通。

汽车工人联合会成员在俄亥俄州托莱多的吉普工厂外组织了罢工纠察队。 SARAH RICE/GETTY IMAGES
The U.A.W. conducts a historic strike
美国汽车工人联合会的历史性罢工
On Sept. 14, the United Automobile Workers union began its first strike that simultaneously targeted all three Detroit automakers, General Motors, Ford Motor and Stellantis, the parent of Ram, Jeep and Chrysler. The union broke from its traditional approach of idling most or all operations at one company, instead taking action at a limited number of each company’s locations. After six weeks, the workers reached tentative agreements with the three companies, giving workers their biggest pay raises in decades while avoiding a protracted work stoppage. The U.A.W.’s success inspired it to go after nonunionized carmakers, including Tesla and foreign-owned companies.
9月14日，美国汽车工人联合会开始了第一波罢工，同时对抗底特律三大汽车制造商：通用汽车、福特汽车以及的公羊、吉普和克莱斯勒的母公司斯特兰蒂斯。工会打破了在某一家企业进行大规模或全部停工的传统办法，而是选择在各家企业的少数厂址发起罢工。六周后，劳方与三家企业达成初步协议，让工人获得了数十年来最大幅的涨薪，同时也避免了旷日持久的停工。此番成功也让汽车工人联合会将矛头指向了非工会车企，包括特斯拉和外资企业。

《泰勒·斯威夫特：时代巡回演唱会》电影绕过了传统好莱坞制片公司，直接与AMC娱乐进行协商发行。 VALERIE MACON/AFP VIA GETTY IMAGES/AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE
Taylor Swift conquers the world
泰勒·斯威夫特征服全球
The Eras Tour, Taylor Swift’s career-encompassing run of shows, was a blockbuster this year, selling $14 million in tickets each night, according to one estimate, setting it on a pace to potentially reach $1.4 billion in total sales by the time the tour ends next year. Swift, who in July broke the record for most chart-topping albums by a woman, also engineered a new type of deal for her concert film. She negotiated directly with the theater chain AMC Entertainment to release “Taylor Swift: The Eras Tour.” That allowed her to bypass big studios and keep 57 percent of ticket revenue. During its opening weekend in October, the film made an estimated three-day gross of $95 million to $97 million in North American theaters, easily becoming the biggest concert film opening ever.
泰勒·斯威夫特呈现其整个音乐生涯作品的“时代巡回演唱会”在今年一鸣惊人，据一项估计，该演唱会每场门票收入达到1400万美元，到明年巡演结束时，总销售额有望超过14亿美元。斯威夫特在7月打破了排行榜冠军专辑最多的女歌手纪录，她还为自己的演唱会电影开创了新商业思路。她直接与连锁院线AMC娱乐协商发行影片《泰勒·斯威夫特：时代巡回演唱会》(Taylor Swift: The Eras Tour)。这让她得以绕过大制片公司，保留57%的票房收入。在该片10月开画的首周末，其北美院线的三天总票房估计达到9500万到9700万美元，轻松成为有史以来票房最高的演唱会电影。

2月，萨姆·班克曼-弗里德（中）在纽约南区联邦地区法院现身。 KARSTEN MORAN FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
Sam Bankman-Fried Is Convicted
萨姆·班克曼-弗里德被定罪
On Nov. 2, after four hours of deliberation, a jury found Sam Bankman-Fried, founder of the FTX cryptocurrency exchange, guilty of seven charges of fraud and conspiracy for stealing billions of dollars from customers and investors. It was a stunning fall for Bankman-Fried, a one-time poster child of the cryptocurrency industry who was worth $20 billion just a year earlier. After FTX collapsed, many of his closest lieutenants and executives agreed to work with prosecutors and testified against him. In a trial in New York, he was portrayed as a brazen young founder, who funneled stolen money into his investments and used it for extravagant spending.
11月2日，经过四个小时的审议，陪审团裁定FTX加密货币交易所创始人萨姆·班克曼-弗里德的七项罪名成立，这些罪名指控他用欺诈和阴谋手段从客户及投资者处窃取了数十亿美元的资产。班克曼-弗里德在一片讶然中跌落神坛，他曾是加密货币行业的榜样人物，仅仅一年前还坐拥200亿美元的身价。FTX破产后，许多最亲密的副手和高管都同意与检方合作对他进行指证。在纽约的一场审判中，他被描绘成一个肆无忌惮的年轻创始人，将偷来的钱转移到私人投资里，并且挥霍无度。
Bankman-Fried, 31, is expected to appeal. He is scheduled to be sentenced on March 28.
现年31岁的班克曼-弗里德预计将提起上诉。他的量刑定于2024年3月28日进行。

上个月，中国领导人习近平为美企首席执行官举行了一场晚宴，受到全场起立欢迎。 CARLOS BARRIA/AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE — GETTY IMAGES
U.S. businesses face new pressures in China
美国企业在中国面临新压力
President Biden and the Chinese leader, Xi Jinping, held their first face-to-face talks in more than a year last month on the sidelines of a meeting of Asia-Pacific leaders near San Francisco. The discussions were cordial and designed to re-establish lines of communication.
上个月，在旧金山附近举行的亚太领导人峰会期间，拜登总统与中国领导人习近平进行了一年多以来的首次面对面会晤。双方与会氛围友好，旨在重新建立起沟通渠道。
But Xi also sought to reassure U.S. business leaders during the trip. He hosted a banquet for business executives. Those who attended included Tim Cook, the chief executive of Apple; Larry Fink, chief executive of BlackRock; and Stephen Schwarzman, chief executive of Blackstone. Xi tried to convey that foreign business was welcome in China, despite the growing challenges of operating there amid a crackdown on companies with Western ties and the strained relationship with the U.S. Yet the dinner showed that many U.S. companies aren’t ready to give up on doing business in the country.
但习近平在访美期间还试图安抚美国商界领袖。他为企业高管举办了一场晚宴。出席者包括苹果首席执行官蒂姆·库克、贝莱德首席执行官拉里·芬克，以及黑石集团主席苏世民。尽管在西方关联企业受到打压且中美关系紧张之际，在华经营的挑战愈发艰巨，习近平仍欲传达中国欢迎外企的信号。而这场晚宴表明，许多美国企业还没打算放弃在华业务。

上个月，埃隆·马斯克在纽约的“交易录峰会”现场。 AMIR HAMJA/THE NEW YORK TIMES
Elon Musk berates advertisers who fled X
埃隆·马斯克痛斥放弃X的广告商
At the DealBook Summit on Nov. 29, Elon Musk made waves after he used profane language to denounce companies that had suspended their advertising on X following Musk’s endorsement of an antisemitic conspiracy theory. He also said he hadn’t meant to support bigots, and apologized for his post. The 90-minute interview with Musk, the billionaire whose companies SpaceX, Tesla and X are among the most consequential and talked-about in the world, also touched on his personal philosophy, his concerns about A.I., and the 2024 presidential election.
埃隆·马斯克在11月29日的“交易录峰会”上引发轩然大波，因他对那些在他支持反犹阴谋论后暂停在X平台投放广告的企业破口大骂。他还说自己并非有意支持偏见，并为自己的帖子道歉。在这段90分钟的采访中，拥有SpaceX、特斯拉和X这些全球最重要也最受关注的企业的亿万富豪马斯克还谈到了他的个人哲学、他对人工智能的担忧、以及2024年总统大选。
Andrew Ross Sorkin是一名专栏作家，也是“交易录”(DealBook)的创始人和主编。他是CNBC电视台节目“Squawk Box”的联合主持人，著有《Too Big to Fail》。他还是Showtime电视剧《亿万》(Billions)的联合创作者。点击查看更多关于他的信息。

Ravi Mattu是驻伦敦的“交易录”专栏执行编辑。2022年他自《金融时报》加入《纽约时报》，曾在香港和伦敦担任多个高级职位。点击查看更多关于他的信息。

Bernhard Warner是“交易录”新闻简报的高级编辑，报道商业趋势、经济和市场。点击查看更多关于他的信息。

Sarah Kessler是“交易录”新闻简报的编辑，同时撰写有关商业和工作场所如何变化的专题文章。点击查看更多关于她的信息。

Michael de la Merced于2006 年加入时报，担任记者，报道华尔街和金融行业，其报道主要关注并购、破产和私募股权行业。点击查看更多关于他的信息。

Lauren Hirsch2020年自CNBC加入时报，报道华尔街的交易和重大新闻。点击查看更多关于她的信息。

Ephrat Livni驻华盛顿，为“交易录”报道商业和政策的交叉议题。此前她在Quartz担任高级记者，报道法律和政治，并曾在公共和私营部门从事法律工作。点击查看更多关于她的信息。

翻译：Harry Wong