第12章 禅 Meditation： 12.1 基础知识 Basics of Meditation； 12.2 四根本禅Four Fundamental Meditation； 12.3 四空定 Four Empty Stillness
什么是禅？《佛学次第统编》定义禅定为思维修。禅定经历是佛五眼通中的天眼。眼是对这种知识的比喻。世间人的幻觉经历不足，所以不能理解鬼神佛现象；禅定的修习可以弥补这一缺失。由此多种不同身心状态的经历（如插图12-1至13所示），修习者可以生长出天眼，证得生死智证通。生死智证通就是禅定中多种兴趣生、兴趣灭的经历。
What is Meditation? The Compendium of Buddhism defines meditation as mind cultivation. Mundane people do not have enough hallucinatory experiences to understand the phenomena of ghosts Buddhas and gods; the practice of meditation can make up such insufficiency. Through these experiences of many different states of mind and body (as shown in Illustrations 12-1 through 13), the practitioner can grow celestial eye and testify “intellectual testament of birth and death”, which are the experiences of the births and extinctions of many interests in meditation.
 
12.1 基础知识 Basics of Meditation 

修习禅定讲究三调，调姿、调息、调心。一）盘坐的姿势最好，脊柱越直越好，如插图12右下所示。闭眼，目光内视朝向注意力集中的部位，如所谓的眼观鼻，鼻观口，口观心。舌上卷，舌尖顶在前上齿根部。
The practice of meditation is concerned with three adjustments, the adjustment of posture, the adjustment of breath, and the adjustment of heart (i.e., mind). I) A cross-legged sitting posture is best, the straighter the spine the better, as shown in Illustration 12, lower right. The eyes are closed, and the gaze is directed inward toward the area of concentration, as in the so-called Eye watches Nose, Nose watches Mouth, and Mouth watches heart. The tongue is rolled upwards with the tip of the tongue at the root of the front upper teeth.
二）呼吸要尽量做到深、长、细、匀。作者本人采用腹式呼吸法，即吸气时想象把气吸入胸口或者丹田，下腹鼓起。呼气时下腹瘪下，胸部挺起，像猫狗等动物那样呼吸。
II) Breathing should be as deep, long, thin, and even as possible. Author me adopts abdominal breathing, i.e., when inhaling, I imagine breathing into my chest (i.e., Middle Dantian as shown in Fig. 12) or Lower Dantian, with my lower abdomen bulging out. When exhaling, the lower abdomen is deflated and the chest is lifted, breathing like animals such as cats and dogs. 
三）从身体和外部世界都是心的投射来说：吾心即宇宙，宇宙即吾心。兴趣和意向控制着心的走向，此说意住在哪儿，心就在哪里形成，所以调心是谈意识的所住，或说所向。先粗调，笔者少年时修习禅定常用此咒来协调身心内外的环境。天上过往的神灵、本方土地、荒郊野外的孤魂、和地下的魔鬼为我作证。我现在发誓，我卢岩今天修习禅定（或说气功），我不是只为我一个人，也不只是为了我的家人和朋友，我是为了无数无边的众生。若我学有所成，将回报无数无边的一切生灵。
III) In the sense that both the body and the external world are projections of the heart: my heart is the universe; the universe is my heart. Interests and intentions control the direction of the heart, which means that where the intention dwells, where the heart is formed, so tuning the heart is talking about where the intention dwell, or where it is directed to. First coarse tuning, the author when I was a teenager practicing meditation commonly used this spell to harmonize the internal and external environment of the body and heart (i.e., mind). The passing gods and spirits above sky, the lord of this land, the lonely souls in the wilderness, and the devils underground bear witness to me. I now swear that when I, Luyan, practice meditation today, I am not doing it just for myself, nor just for my family and friends, but for countless and boundless sentient beings. If I learn to be successful, I will return the favor to countless and boundless all living beings.
12.1.2 禅定入门 Meditation Entrance
初学者有这样的入门过度阶段。闭目内视心窝部（即中丹田，如插图12）。在吸气时，意念（就这样认为，这样想）真气（热气）随吸气，缓缓趋向心窝部；感觉（意念全在感觉上）把真气吸到了胸口。呼气时自然呼出，不加任何意识作为。常常行之，一般几次练习之后，真气就会在心窝部聚集起来。
Beginners have this transition phase. Close your eyes and look inward at the Middle Dantian (as in the illustration 12). On inhalation, one's intention (think this way, think like this) is that the true air (i.e., warm feelings) slowly tends to the chest along with the inhalation; one feels (one's intention is all in the sensation) that the true air is sucked up to the chest. Exhale naturally without any intentional action. After a few times of practice, the true air will be gathered in the Middle Dantian.
开始时，行者使用中丹田，待真气聚集于胸口后，把真气用吸气力推向丹田；这就叫做运气。真气在丹田（即插图中的下丹田）建立了根据地之后，禅定修习者总是以丹田为大本营，其它所修习的穴位为行营。真气到达某个穴位时，就会引发相应的触觉、听觉等幻觉。
In the beginning, Meditator (or Migrator) uses the Middle Dantian, and after the true air has gathered in the chest, pushes the true air towards the Dantian (i.e., Lower Dantian) with suction force; this is called Transporting Air. After the true air has established a base in the Dantian, Meditator always uses the Dantian as the home base and the other acupoints practiced as the line camps. When the true air reaches a certain acupoint, it triggers corresponding hallucinations of touching, hearing, and so on.
初学者练习一段时间后，随着吸气就可能感觉真气源源不断地流向丹田；这时，任脉就已经打通了。任脉是身体表面中间线从下颌到丹田这一段。随后，练习者可以练习打通督脉，以至于依照针灸的图解打通六阴六阳十二经脉、奇经八脉等。或者修习者只是守护丹田来积聚更多的真气。那真气就是触觉幻觉，积累多了就会引发后文所说的现象。
After practicing for some time, beginners may feel a steady flow of true air to the Dantian as inhaling; at this point, the Ren Mai has been opened. The Ren Mai is the middle line on the surface of the body from the lower jaw to the Dantian. Subsequently, Meditator can practice opening the whole circle of meridians, etc., according to the diagrams of acupuncture. Or Meditator just guards the Dantian to accumulate more and more true air. That true air is tactile hallucinations, so accumulating more and more of it, eventually will trigger the phenomena described later.
12.1.3 触觉幻象 Tactile Hallucinations
上面描述的真气运行现象，现代心理学称做触觉幻觉。随着禅定修习者的不断进步，会有更多的幻象出现。真气不能通过的地方，就会淤积，表现出胀，痛等现象。练气功者还可能会遇到很多，如动触（肢体局部肉的跳动）、痒、凉、暖、轻、重（局部身体沉重）、涩、滑、漪（如有手指或水滴触动皮肤或肢体）、喜、怒、哀、乐、哭等。
The phenomena of the true air transportations described above is called tactile hallucinations in modern psychology. As the meditator continues to progress, more hallucinations will appear. Where the true air can not pass through, it will stagnate, manifesting phenomena such as distension, pain, and so on. Meditator may also encounter many more, such as moving touch (the throbbing of localized flesh on a limb), itching, coolness, warmth, lightness, heaviness (localized heaviness of the body), astringency, smoothness, ripples (such as a finger or droplet of water touching the skin or limb), joy, anger, sadness, happiness, crying, and so on.
修习者还可能遇到身体晃动、变大、变小、漂浮；有气在皮肤底下流动；有人或者什么东西拍你一下；有虫子或者小老鼠在皮肤底下或者皮肤上跑来跑去等现象。有东西在皮肤下跑动时，如果修习者是睁着眼睛练习的，甚至可以看到，那东西跑的地方，皮肤会鼓起来。有东西在皮肤上跑动时，练习者甚至可以看到，出现凹下去的地方（那东西的脚印）。古时候，对上述现象有很多命名，比如淘气鬼，胳肢鬼等。
Meditator may also encounter phenomena such as the body wobbling, getting bigger, smaller, or floating; a flow of air under the skin; someone or something tapping you; and a bug or a small mouse running under or on the skin. When there is something running under the skin, if the Meditator is practicing with his eyes open, he can even see that the skin bulges where that thing is running. When something runs on the skin, the Meditator can even see that a concave place (the footprint of that thing) appears. In ancient times, there were many names for the above phenomena, such as naughty ghosts, tickling ghosts, and so on.
如何移除身体触觉的幻觉？通常的作法是呵斥，如：去！走开！别烦我。几次或数月之后，当无意识收到了信息，就会把那种幻觉抑制了。另外，轻抚或轻拍头顶的百会穴，对于吸收幻觉的气归入经脉有帮助。也可以用手触摸幻处来移除幻觉，别的如洗澡等。
How do you remove the tactile hallucinations? The usual approach is to reprimand, e.g., Go! Go away! Leave me alone. After a few times or weeks, when unconsciousness receives the message, the hallucination will be restrained. In addition, stroking or tapping the Bai Hui acupoint on the top of the head is helpful in absorbing the hallucinating air into the meridians. You can also remove hallucinations by touching the place of hallucination with your hands, other things such as bathing.
读者可能会有疑问，为什么要出声或大声地说：你走开，我不喜欢你？答：无意识（即神识）只接受现量。一般的，直接的身体和语言行为，无意识可以接受到，而对思想行为信息接受的效果差，或者不接受。
The reader may wonder why it is necessary to utter or say aloud, go away, I don't like you. A: The unconscious (i.e., God-sense) only accepts the present quantity. Generally, direct physical and verbal behavior can be received by the unconscious; while information about thoughts and intentional behaviors (i.e., intents, plans) are poorly received or not received.
12.1.4 禅定功德 Merits and Virtues of Meditation
当禅定的修习者已经掌握了，习惯了上述的基本功法，更喜欢研究特异功能，下面的几个时间段比较好，气感强，容易引发幻觉。中午12点左右，晚上6点左右，午夜12点左右到早上6点左右；这就是古人所说的子午卯酉。有人说这几个时间段招魔，它们特别避开这几个时间段。幻觉现象中有许多是人们所说的魔鬼，而我们禅定修习者称其状态为定，称其中的鬼神魔等幻觉经历为功德。为什么叫功德呢？
When Meditator has already mastered and become accustomed to the basic techniques mentioned above, and prefers to study supernormal capabilities, the following periods of time are better, with a strong sense of air, and are prone to triggering hallucinations. Around 12:00 noon, around 6:00 p.m., and from around 12:00 midnight to around 6:00 a.m.; these are what the ancients called Zi Wu Mao You. Some people say that these time periods attract demons, and they especially avoid these time periods. Many of the hallucinatory phenomena are what people call devils, but we meditators call those states as Stillness, and we call those ghosts, gods, devils, and other hallucinatory experiences in them as merits and virtues. Why do we call those merits and virtues?
我小时候，一次崔凤龙姨父给我讲，比如说，有个小女孩感觉身体里有个小老鼠在跑动，就很害怕，就病了。父母到庙里问大德师傅。大德师傅一听，说：“啊！这没什么！我小时候也有过那种现象，没什么害处，不理它，或者赶它走，打它一下，出声对它说：‘走开！我不喜欢你！’ 也许两、三次，一两个月后，那种现象就不发生了”。结果那小女孩儿的病就好了。这庙里别的和尚一看，一听，就想：为什么，大德师傅说几句话，那人的病就好了呢？通过观察，他们发现，大德师傅身上有德（即那样的经历）。因为他身上有德，所以他说几句话，病人听了，病就好了。
When I was a child, once Uncle Dragon told me, for example, that a little girl felt a little mouse running around in her body, so she was very scared and got sick. The parents went to the temple and asked the Great Virtue Master. Upon hearing this, the Great Virtue Master said, "Ah! It's nothing! I had that phenomenon when I was a child, and it was nothing harmful; ignore it, or drive it away, hit it a little, and speak out and say to it, 'Go away! I don't like you!' Maybe two or three times, after a month or two, that stopped happening." As a result, the little girl was cured. The other monks in this temple looked and listened, and wondered: why, when Master Great Virtue said a few words, did that person get well? Through observation, they realized that Master Great Virtue had virtue (i.e., that kind of experience) in him. Because he had virtue in him, he said a few words, and when the patient heard them, she was cured.
我崔凤龙姨父还给我讲。大德师傅身上的德是得来不易的，不单单是他辛辛苦苦练气功所得来的这些心得体会；还有，他很有可能从事过很多种行业的工作，了解很多种行业的辛秘，那些经历也都是德。
Uncle Dragon also told me. The virtue in the Great Virtue Master is not easy to come by, not only the insights he gained from his hard work in practicing meditation, but also the fact that he was probably engaged in many kinds of industries and knew the secrets of many kinds of industries, and those experiences are also merits and virtues.
 
12.1.5 天耳通 Clairaudience
随着禅定修习者功夫的上升，触觉听觉和视觉都会变得敏锐。在入睡前，他或她可能听见自己心跳的声音。据现代心理学分析，睡觉前听见自己的心跳，那声音实际是耳听小骨附近血管收缩舒张造成的。修习者可能遇到如下的听觉幻觉，如听到口哨声、嘶嘶声、嘀嘀声、呜呜声、鸟叫声、水流声、蛙鸣、风吹洞穴，雨声、雷声等；再如有人在像开会似的讨论问题、有人招呼自己、有人告诉自己些什么等。
As Meditator’s capability rises, the senses of touch and hearing and sight become acute. Before falling asleep, Meditator may hear his or her own heartbeat. According to modern psychological analysis, the sound of hearing one's own heartbeat before going to sleep is caused by the contraction and dilatation of blood vessels near the small bones of the ear. Meditators may experience auditory hallucinations such as whistling, hissing, ticking, whimpering, birds chirping, water running, frogs chirping, wind blowing in a cave, rain, thunder, etc.; or someone discussing a problem as if they were in a meeting, or someone greeting them, or someone telling them something.
随着修习者的不断理解和研究，就懂得了彼是内虑所托，从而证得了天耳通、天腿通、和他心通等智慧。本文后文将从视觉幻觉来讲解这几种神通，与天耳通的道理相同。如何移除听觉幻觉？通常的作法是呵斥，诸如，“去！走开！别烦我” 。几次之后，当无意识收到了信息，就会把那种幻觉抑制了。
As Meditator continues to study and understand, understands that the objectives are projected and held by internal considerations, and thus proves the Celestial Ear through, Celestial Leg Through, and the Others Heart through, etc. intelligences and gnosis. Later in this article, we will explain these kinds of godly powers in terms of visual hallucinations, which are the same as this Celestial Ear through. How do you remove auditory hallucinations? The usual approach is to scold, such as, "Go away! Do not bother me! Leave me alone." After a few times, when the unconscious receives the message, the hallucination is suppressed.
12.1.6 天眼通 Clairvoyance
视觉幻觉即是天眼所见，下面举例说视觉幻觉世界中的几种现象。
Visual hallucinations are what the celestial eye sees, and the following are examples of several phenomena in the world of visual hallucinations.
（1. 功能飞有 Function Flies to Have）
小时候，一天，我正在打坐，忽然看见头顶前方飞来一本书。我心想：那是什么？太远了，看不清楚，近点儿就好了！那本书就飞近了。我想：呀！你还是活的，有智力！那本书晃动，像是懂我的意思，高兴得蹦蹦跳跳的。我就说（实际是在想）：你真的是智能生命物？那本书就又晃动。我就说：那你从哪来？找我干什么？那本书晃得很厉害，像是着急得不得了似的。
One day, when I was a child, I was meditating when I suddenly saw a book flying in front of my head. I thought to myself, "What is that? It's too far away to see clearly, but it would be nice to see it closer! The book flew closer. I thought, "Oh! You're still alive, you have intelligence! The book wiggled as if it knew what I meant and bounced with joy. I then said (thinking): are you really an intelligent living thing? And the book wiggled again. I'm like, "Then where did you come from? What do you want with me? The book wiggled a lot, like it was in a terrible hurry.
这时幻境有些不稳定，我就赶忙集中精力，一边调整维持幻境，一边想：你不能说话，我就不问了；这本书的前面是这样，那后面是什么样？立刻，那本书的画面呈现了它的背面。这时我又高兴得不得了，也没有什么事儿做。看了一会儿，就厌腻了。那本书就飞走了。幻境结束的时候，我也结束了打坐。我感觉全身舒畅，身体表面有细微电流的感觉。
At this time, the hallucinational environment was a little unstable, so I hurriedly concentrated, adjusting to maintain the hallucination, while thinking: you can't talk, so I won't ask; the front of this book is like this, then what is the back like? Immediately, the picture of that book presented its back. At this point I was happy again and had nothing to do. After reading it for a while, I got bored of it. The book flew away. When the hallucination ended, I also ended my meditation. I felt relief all over my body, and there was a sensation of subtle electric currents on the surface of my body.
（2. 夺命魔鬼 Demon Phenomena）
我上初中时的一天早上，为了准备考试，我醒的特别早，大约是早上三点多钟。看书看了一会儿，我就困睡了，就仰躺在炕上，头顶着南墙，习惯性的做了几次练气功的呼吸。由于长时间的练习，我的舌尖总是顶在前上齿根部。
One morning when I was in junior high school, I woke up especially early, about three o'clock in the morning, to prepare for an exam. After reading a book for a while, I was sleepy and fell asleep, so I lay on my back on the bed, with my head against the south wall, and habitually did the breathing of practicing meditation several times. As a result of practicing for a long time, the tip of my tongue was always at the root of my front upper teeth.
忽然，我感觉，头的右上方是空的，（本来是墙），有几个像是小孩儿画的人脸，闪闪发光。我想: 这画得叫啥东西，我用脚画得都比你们好看！我这就惹祸了。那几张发着光的脸站成一条线向我冲了过来，撞在我右边的头顶上。
Suddenly, I felt that the upper right side of my head was empty, (it was a wall), and there were a couple of faces that looked like children's drawings, glittering. I thought, "What's that? I can draw with my feet better than you guys!” I was in trouble! The glowing faces came at me in a line and hit me on the right side of my forehead.
在当时，由于我练气功养成的习惯，不轻易做出改变姿势的反应。我还在感觉全身的状态，感觉到：我的脸，腹部皮肉，及腿上皮肉全部变形成波浪状向我右头顶被撞的部位移动。脸部的皮肉变形十分强烈，我赶紧用手把五官的皮肉向回推。我感觉效果很好，就紧接着，按推腹部的皮肉复位。然后我迅速站起来，把腿和全身的皮肉复位。忙完了，我已经出了一身汗。好在我没发现出现软组织拉伤，全身都迅速恢复了正常。
At that time, due to my habit of practicing meditation, I did not react easily to changing my posture. I was still feeling the state of my whole body, and I felt that the skin and flesh of my face, abdomen, and legs were all deformed and moving in a wave-like manner toward the part of my right forehead where I had been hit. The deformation of the skin of my face was so strong that I hurriedly pushed the skin of my face back with my hands. Feeling that it worked well, I followed it up by pressing and pushing the skin and flesh on my abdomen to reset. Then I quickly stood up and reset the skin and flesh of my legs and whole body. By the time I was done, I was sweating. The good thing is that I didn't notice any soft tissue strains and my whole body quickly returned to normal.
前面讲的现象被称为幻觉，还是叫魔鬼，没有分别；关键是理解真相。幻觉世界里，所有的动物，植物，以及没生命的山川大地、江河湖海等，都是平等的。从此，我开始注意礼貌，守戒，努力尊重任何事物，不管是活的还是没生命的东西。这是由于练习气功，自发地遵守戒律；戒由修习者自身体内发出（即自觉），是道果。
It makes no difference whether the phenomena mentioned earlier are called hallucinations or demons; the key is to understand the truth. In the world of hallucination, all animals, plants, and inanimate mountains, rivers, lakes, and seas are equal. From then on, I began to pay attention to politeness, keep the precepts, and try to respect anything, living or inanimate. This is because of practicing meditation, so that I conscientiously obey the precepts. The precepts emanate from within my own body, are Path Fruits.
移除视觉幻觉的方法同上文：无论是什么，就像似对待六、七岁小孩子一样，或有礼貌地交流，或者赶它走。视觉幻觉对于呵斥是有直接反应的，比如你让它离开，它就离开。而听觉幻觉反应得比较慢，一般需要几天；触觉幻觉反应得更慢，可能需要几周时间。
Remove the visual hallucination in the same way as above: whatever it is, either communicate politely as if you were treating a six- or seven-year-old child or shoo it away. Visual hallucinations respond directly to reprimands, for example, if you tell it to leave, it leaves. Whereas auditory hallucinations are slower to respond, usually taking a few days; tactile hallucinations are even slower to respond and can take weeks.
12.1.7 天腿通 Teleportation
蹬墙入画就是在禅定中，盯着幻境里的某物可能心生好奇，迷惑，接着，如上文客观目标的瞬间变化。产生天腿，即瞬间转移的原因是，这种客观目标变化大，乃至整个环境都在瞬间内变了，如同瞬间来到了另一个地方，参见15.1节集起的案例，和下文的案例。
Stepping into a painting is when, in meditation, staring at something in the hallucination may be mindful of curiosity, fascination, and then, as above, an instantaneous change of objective target. What gives rise to Celestial Leg, i.e., instant translocation, teleportation, is that such objective targets change so much that even the whole environment changes within an instant, as if coming to another place in an instant, see the cases in Section 15.1, and the cases below.
在幻境里，环境通常与思想意识相匹配而变化，彼是内滤所托。比如，在一个很热的傍晚，我在打坐，刚进入的幻境是一个傍晚的山坡。我感觉很凉爽。看见草地上的草波动，好像有风在吹，我想：有点儿风好，更凉快。在这个世界里，风就变大了。我想：这风越来越大，好像是要下雨。在这个世界里，就下起雨来了。我想：下雨好，庄稼地现在旱了；再下大点儿才好呐！雨就下大了。我想：不好！我这是在哪里？雨下得这么大；如果有洪水，我往哪里跑！洪水就来了。
In hallucination, the environment usually changes to match the mind, and the objective is based on the thinks, or saying that the objective environment is think brought there. The omnipresent heartland law Think is by fetch image as nature. For example, on a very hot evening, I was meditating and the hallucination I just entered was of an evening hillside. I feel very cool. When I saw the grass fluctuating, as if a wind was blowing, I thought: a little wind is good, it's cooler. In this world, the wind became stronger. I thought: this wind is getting stronger, as if it is going to rain. In this world, it was raining. I thought rain is good, because the crops are dry now; it's good that it's raining more! And the rain became heavier. I thought: No good! Where am I? It's raining so hard; if there's a flood, where can I run to? The flood came.
12.1.8 他心通 Clairsentience
有一次在禅定中，我看见一个美女。看着、看着我就想：“好像她的颧骨有点高”（1，2）。这个美女突然变成了一具骷髅（3，4）。我被吓出了幻境，发现全身是汗。我还在想呢：“不就是看看你么，你吓唬我干嘛！” 我又一想：也是，我那么盯着人家看，人家当然不愿意了。我还是得好好地守戒，非礼勿视！
Once in meditation I saw a beautiful woman. Looking, looking I thought, "It seems like her cheekbones are a little high." This beautiful woman suddenly turned into a skeleton. I was scared out of my vision and realized that I was sweating all over. I was still thinking: "It's just to look at you, why are you scaring me!" Then I thought: yes, of course, people don't want to when I stare at them that much. I still must keep the precepts properly, don't look at if it is not polite!
结合上面的例子，用僧璨大师《信心铭》里的几句话来解释上面发生的事：1. 归根得旨，2. 随照失宗；3. 须臾返照，4. 胜却前空；5. 前空转变，6. 皆由妄见。读者可以自己把这六句带入前段，来理解他心通。
In conjunction with the above example, use a few lines from Master Sengchan's Inscription on Faith to explain what happened above: 1. return to get the purpose, 2. lose the sect with the illumination, 3. the illumination returns simultaneously, 4. more victorious than the former emptiness, 5. the former emptiness is transformed, 6. it is all due to the illusion of (It seems like her Cheekbones are a little high) the mind. The reader can bring these six sentences into the previous paragraph to interpret Clairsentience or Reading Others Mind.
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坛主:Adam_Luyan于2024_11_03 16:48:14编辑