三藏鸠摩罗什译（约公元400年） Translation into Chinese by Tripitaka Kumarajiva (ca. 400 CE)
释迦牟尼佛，初转法轮，渡（如图17.3左）阿若㤭陈如；最后说法，度须跋陀罗。所应度者，皆已度讫。于桫椤（参见16.2节）双树间，将入涅槃。是时中夜，寂然无声，为诸弟子略说法要。
Shakyamuni Buddha, on his first-time turning juristic wheel, ferried (see fig. 17.3 left) Añña Kondañña, etc. five; on his last sermon, ferried Subhadda, etc. All should be ferried had been ferried. Between two Sal Fasullo trees (cf. section 16.2), Social Honor would enter Nirvana. At the middle nighttime, all were silent, without any sound, Buddha briefly talked juristic essentials.
 
17.3.2
汝等僧尼！于我灭后，当尊重珍敬桫椤（参见16.2节），如暗遇明，贫人得宝，当知此则是汝等大师，若我住世无异此也。持净戒者。不得贩卖贸易，安置田宅，畜养人民奴卑畜生，一切种植及诸财宝，皆当远离，如避火坑。不得斩伐草木，垦土掘地。合和汤药，占相吉凶，仰观星宿，推步盈虚，历数算计，皆所不应。节身时食，清净自活，不得参预世事，通致使命，咒术仙药，结好贵人，亲厚媟慢，皆不应作。当自端心，正念求度，不得包藏瑕疵，显异惑众，于四供养，知量知足，趣得供事，不应畜积。
Your kinds of monks and nuns! After my extinguishment, should respect and cherish Sal Fasullo (cf. section 16.2), as if darkness meets light, and the poor get a treasure. One should know that Sal Fasullo is a grand master for your kinds of, as if I was in the society, there were no differences. Immaculate precepts holders should not sale or trade; should not own or invest on lands and dwellings; should not farm citizens, slaves, and livestock. All farming and treasures, all should be left far away, like avoiding the fire pit. Should not cut down the vegetations or develop land to dig. Alchemy, augury, Astrology, rituals to inflate wanes, fortune telling, or fate prediction by calculations on their experiences, all of those, you should not. One should be frugally on clothes, food, and time, calmingly live by oneself. Should not, participate in social affairs, ally leagues, use curses and celestial medications, hobnob with nobles, be intimate with flirtatious or arrogant people, all of those, one should not do. One should rectitude own heart, with correct spells to pursue ferry; should not conceal blemishes; should not show bizarreness to confuse crowds. For food, clothing, housing, and transportation, the four Commonwealths, you should know quantity and contentment, interestingly accept Common Affairs, should not put in storage or deposit for interest.
17.3.3
此则略说持戒之相，戒是正顺解脱之本，故名断头树。因依此戒，得生诸禅（如图17.3-8至5；参见12.2节）定（如图17.3-34至32；参见16.3节），及灭苦智慧。是故比丘，当持净戒，勿令毁缺。若能持净戒，是则能有善法。若无净戒，诸善功德皆不得生。是以当知，戒为第一安隐功德住处。
These are briefly sayings of phenomena for holding precepts. Precepts are foundation of correct sequential liberations, hence the name Guillotine Tree. Because of depending on Sal Fasullo, one can give births to meditations (See Figure 17.3-8 to 5; cf. Section 12.2) and stillness-es (See Figure 17.3-34 to 32; cf. Section 16.3), and intelligence and gnosis to terminate bitter. Therefore, monks and nuns should hold immaculate precepts, do not have them ruined or waned. One can hold immaculate precepts, can have benevolent laws. Without immaculate precepts, those benevolent fortunes and virtues can not be born, therefore one should know that precepts are No. 1 seclusive fortunate virtuous dwelling place.
17.3.4
汝等僧尼！已能住戒，当制五根（即眼根、耳根、鼻根、舌根、和身根），勿令放逸，入于五欲（即色欲、声欲、香欲、味欲、和触欲）。譬如牧牛之人，执杖视之，不令纵逸，犯人苗稼。若纵五根，非唯五欲，将无涯畔，不可制也。亦如恶马，不以辔制，将当牵人墬于坑陷。如被劫贼，苦止一世，五根贼祸，殃及累世，为害甚重，不可不慎。是故智者制而不随，持之如贼，不令纵逸，假令纵之，皆亦不久见其磨灭。此五根者，心为其主，是故汝等，当好制心。心之可畏，甚于毒蛇、恶兽、怨贼、大火越逸，未足喻也。譬如有人，手执蜜器，动转轻躁，但观其蜜，不见深坑。譬如狂象无钩，猿猴得树腾跃踔踯，难可禁制，当急挫之，无令放逸。纵此心者，丧人善事，制之一处，无事不办。是故比丘，当勤精进，折伏汝心。
Your kinds of monks and nuns! Once you are capable of dwelling in precepts, should manage the five roots (i.e., eye-root, ear-root, nose-root, tongue-root, and body-root); do not indulge them into five desires (i.e., color-desire, sound-desire, incense-desire, taste-desire, and touch-desire). It's like a herdsman holding a stick and keeping eyes on the cows, not allowing them to run wild and harm others seedling crops. If the five roots are indulged, not only five desires lose their limits, to become boundless and uncontrollable, but also like ferocious horse without restraints by its bridle, will lead people into a pit trap. If robbed by thieves, bitterness ceases in one age, five roots thief disaster, misfortune transmits ages, harmfulness are very serious, one should not be careless; therefore, wiser restrains, does not follow, holds them like thieves, not has them roamed at large, fake commands to indulge them, all of them, very soon, visibly worn out. The five roots, heart is their lord, thus, your kinds of should be good at managing heart. Heart’s fearsomeness is severer than poisonous snakes, ferocious beasts, resentful thieves, even conflagrations at large are not enough to metaphor. Such as, a person holds a honey vessel with hands, moves, and turns impetuously, only sees the honey, can not see the deep pit. People who indulge heart, grieve over the dead, can do nothing but to finishing the benevolent customary; therefore, your kinds of monks and nuns work out the one place, nothing is left undone, should diligently advance, tame your own hearts.
17.3.5
汝等僧尼！受诸饮食，当如服药，于好于恶，勿生增减。趣得支身，以除饥渴。如蜂采华，但取其味，不损色香。比丘亦尔，受人供养，趣自除恼，无得多求，坏其善心。譬如智者，筹量牛力所堪多少，不令过分，以竭其力。
Your kind of monks and nuns! To accept drinks and foods, should take it as medicines, to the good and to the ferocious, should not bear the increment or decrement, interestingly take it to sustain the body, getting rid of thirstiness and hunger, like bees picking flowers, but take the taste, does not damage the colors and scents. Monks should take this way, nuns should do the same, accept commonwealths from others, interest to remove own annoyances, should not fetch much, damage their benevolent hearts. Such as wiser, contrive strength of the cow, estimate how much it can bear, do not exhaust it.
17.3.6
汝等僧尼！昼则勤心修习善法，无令失时，初夜后夜，亦勿有废。中夜诵经，以自消息，无以睡眠因缘，令一生空过，无所得也。当念无常之火，烧诸世间，早求自度，勿睡眠也。诸烦恼贼，常伺杀人，甚于怨家，安可睡眠，不自警寤。烦恼毒蛇，睡在汝心，譬如黑蚖，在汝室睡，当以持戒之钩，早摒除之。睡蛇既出，乃可安眠。不出而眠，是无惭人也。惭耻之服，于诸庄严，最为第一。惭如铁钩，能制人非法，是故常当惭愧，无得暂替。若离惭耻，则失诸功德。有愧之人，则有善法；若无愧者，与诸禽兽无相异也。
Your kinds of monks and nuns! Daytime, should diligently study and practice benevolent laws, do not lose on time. Evening and after middle night, also should not negate it away. Middle night reciting sutra, so you extinguish sleepiness by your self, not to cause of sleep, have life passed in vain, gain nothing. Should spell that fires of impermanence are burning down the mundane world, pursue self-ferry early, do not sleep. Those annoyance thieves always await to kill people, fiercer than the resentful foes, how can sleep!  No self-esteem! Poisonous annoyance snake is sleeping in your heart, like a black lizard sleep in your room, should use the hook of holding precepts to get rid of it early. After ousting sleep snake, you can easefully sleep; not ousting and sleep, shameless! Cloth of shame is the most No.1 among majesties, like an iron hook, can restrain people from illegality, therefore one should be shameful often, do not have it replaced momentarily. Leaving shame, then you lose achievements and virtues. With sin, then have benevolent laws; sinless, has no differences to beasts and fowls.
17.3.7
汝等僧尼！若有人来，节节支解，当自摄心，无令嗔恨，亦当护口，勿出恶言。若纵恚心，即自妨道，失功德利。忍之为德，持戒苦行，所不能及。能行忍者，乃可名为有力大人。若其不能欢喜忍受恶骂之毒，如饮甘露者，不名入智慧人也，所以者何？嗔恚之害，则破诸善法，坏好名闻；今世后世，人不喜见。当知嗔心，甚于猛火，常当防护，无令得入。劫功德贼，无过嗔恚，白衣受欲，非行道（谛；参见第16章）人，无法自制，嗔犹可恕。出家行道，无欲之人，而怀嗔恚，甚不可也。譬如清冷云中，霹雳起火，非所应也。
Your kind of monks and nuns, if somebody come and chop you down part by part, should self assimilate your own heart, not have it irritated, also guard your own mouth, not to spit ferocious words. Indulging hateful heart, that is making hindrance on your own path, losing virtuous benefits. Virtues of countenance, holding precepts and ascetic migrations can not catch up. The capable of behaving in countenance, only then can be called great strength human. If one can not joyfully endure the poison of ferocious curses, like drinking nectar, can not be named as Intelligence-Gnosis Entrant, wherein? Harm of irritated indignity is to destroy benevolent laws, to ruin good fames; people of this generation and future generations are not glad to see. Your kinds should know that irritated heart is fiercer than raging fire, should always be guarded against, have it not entered. Thieves who rob achievements and virtues are no more than irritation. White collar people (i.e., nobles) are not path (crux; cf. chapter 16) walkers, no laws of self restraining, so bosomed with irritation and indignity are passable. Out household life, walking on path (crux), desire-less people bosom irritation and indignity, are very unacceptable, such like lightening causes fire in cold thin clouds, that should not be.
17.3.8
汝等僧尼！当自摩头，已舍饰好，著坏色衣，执持应器，以乞自活，自见如是。若起㤭慢，当疾灭之。增长㤭慢，尚非世俗白衣所宜，何况出家入道之人，为解脱故，自降其身而行乞耶。
Your kinds of monks and nuns, should stroke your own head to bless yourselves. Having given up good decorations, and to wear damaged colors cloths, holding juristic staff to live by begging, you had chosen the type of life by your own opinion. If arrogance rises, should terminate it immediately. Fostering arrogance is not even suitable for mundane white collars, not to mention out-household-life path walkers, for the sake of liberation, surrender themselves to beg.
17.3.9 少欲功德 Fortunes and Virtues of Less Desire
汝等僧尼，谄曲之心与道相违，是故宜应质直其心。当知谄曲，但为欺诳，入道之人，则无是处。是故汝等，宜当端心，以质直心为本。汝等比丘，当知多欲之人，多求利故，苦恼亦多。少欲之人，无求无欲，则无此患。直尔少欲，尚宜修习，何况少欲，能生诸功德。少欲之人，则无谄曲以求人意，亦复不为诸根所牵。行少欲者，心则坦然，无所忧畏，触事有余，常无不足。有少欲者，则有涅槃，是名少欲。
Your kinds of monks and nuns! A flattering heart is contradictory to path (crux); therefore, it is better straight one’s heart. One should know that flattering is only deceiving, as a path (crux) walker, should not be like that, therefore your kinds should rectify your heart, by straight forward heart as orientation. Your kinds of monks and nuns! Should know that people who desire more, seek more benefits, have many annoyances; people who desire less, seek less, have no such afflictions. Straight forward and less desires are appropriate to practice, not to mention that less desires can give birth to achievements and virtues. People with less desires will not flatter others to seek favors, nor will they be led by five roots (i.e., eye-root, ear-root, nose-root, tongue-root, body-root). People with less desires have a calm heart, worriless and fearless; when they meet affairs, always have more than enough, no shortage. People with less desires, will have nirvana, hence the name “Less Desire”.
17.3.10 知足功德 Fortunes and Virtues of Contentment
汝等僧尼！若欲脱诸苦恼，当观知足。知足之法，即是当乐安隐之处。知足之人，虽卧地上，犹为安乐；不知足者，虽处天堂，亦不称意。不知足者，虽富而贫；知足之人，虽贫而富。不知足者，常为五欲所牵，为知足者之所怜愍，是名知足。
Your kinds of monks and nuns, wanting to detach from bitter annoyances, should view contentment. The law of contentment is a “should be happy with” seclusive place. People with contentment, even though they lie on ground, also feel adaptably ease; people without contentment, even though they are in heaven, also feel disagreeable. People without contentment often lead by five desires (i.e., color-desire, sound-desire, perfume-desire, taste-desire, and bodily touch desire); they are pitiable by people with contentment, hence the name Contentment.
17.3.11 远离功德 Fortunes and Virtues of Hike
汝等僧尼！欲求寂静无为（无为法，参见11.6.4节）安乐，当离愦闹，独处闲居，静处之人，帝释诸天，所共敬重，是故当舍己众他众，空闲独处，思灭苦本。若乐众者，则受众恼，譬如大树众鸟集之，则有枯折之患。世间缚者，没于众苦，譬如老象溺泥，不能自出，是名远离。
Your kinds of monks and nuns! Desiring to pursue quite none-as (none-as law; cf. section 11.6.4) leisurely life, should stay away from the noise, and live seclusively. People at quiet place, are respected by Seth etc., skies, therefore, should abandon self-crowds and other crowds, leisurely live alone, mean how to terminate bitter roots. People who laugh at crowds, bear crowds of annoyances, such as big tree where crowd birds gather, then there are worries of withered broken branch. Mundane beings are fettered up, submerged in crowds of bitterness, such like an old elephant stuck in mud, can not come out by himself, hence the name Hike.
17.3.12 精进功德 Fortunes and Virtues of Diligently Effort
汝等僧尼！若勤精进，则事无难者，是故汝等当勤精进。譬如小水长流，则能穿石。若行者之心，数数懈废，譬如钻火，未热而息，虽欲得火，火难可得，是名精进。
Your kinds of monks and nuns, if diligently effort, then there is not difficult affair, therefore, your kinds should diligently effort. Such as a little water flows for a long time, it can wear stones. If migrator’s heart slack time by time, likes to get fire by drilling into wood. Before wood is heated enough, the driller has a brake; even though the driller desires fire, but fire is hard to get, hence the name Diligently Effort.
 
注17.3.12，插图16.4.2-1是古墨西哥文化中的精进渡画像。图中墨西哥在如“钻木取火” 一样地努力划龙舟。插图17.3-18是墨西哥古画忍渡（如本文17.3.9至17.3.18）。
Annotation 17.3.12, Illustration 16.4.2-1 is a portrait of “Diligently Effort Ark” in ancient Mexican culture. In the picture, Mexico is rowing a dragon boat hard like "drilling wood to make fire". Fig.17.3-18 is a Mexican painting of the Countenance Ark (such as section 17.3.9 to 17.3.18 in this article).
17.3.13 守念功德 Fortunes and Virtues of Hold Spell
汝等僧尼！求善知识；求善护助，无如不忘念。若有不忘念者，诸烦恼贼则不能入。是故汝等，常当摄念在心。若失念者，则失诸功德。若念力坚强，虽入五欲贼中，不为所害。譬如著铠入阵，则无所畏，是名不忘念。
Your kinds of monks and nuns, seek for benevolent knowledge; to pursue benevolent protection and help, is inferior to not forgetting spell. People who can hold spell, then those thieves of annoyances can not enter, therefore, your kinds should assimilate spells into heart constantly. If one loses his or her spell, then loses all achievements and virtues. If one's spell power is strong, one will not be harmed even if he or she enters the five desires of thieves. Such as an armored soldier enters a battlefield, is fearless. This is called not forgetting spell.
17.3.14 禅定功德 Fortunes and Virtues of Meditation and Stillness
汝等僧尼！若摄心者，心则在定。心在定故，能知世间生灭法相，是故汝等，常当精勤修习诸定。若得定者，心则不散，譬如惜水之家，善治堤塘。行者亦尔，为智慧水故，善修禅定，令不漏失，是名为定。
Your kinds of monks and nuns! People who assimilate hearts, hearts are in stillness constantly. Because of hearts in stillness, one can know birth extinction etc. juristic phenomena of mundane world, therefore, your kinds etc. should diligently put efforts in practicing stillness-es. People who gain stillness, heart is not loose, such as family that cherish water, is good at managing pond dam. Migrators are also like that, for water of intelligence and gnosis, good at practicing meditation and stillness can have them not leaked lost, hence the name Stillness.
17.3.15 智慧功德 Fortunes and Virtues of Intelligence and Gnosis
汝等僧尼！若有智慧，则无贪著。常自省察，不令有失，是则于我法中，能得解脱。若不尔者，既非道人，又非白衣，无所名也。实智慧者，则是度老病死海坚牢船也，亦是无明黑暗大明灯也，一切病者之良药也，伐烦恼树之利斧也。是故汝等，当以闻思修慧而自增益。若人有智慧之照，虽是肉眼，而是明见人也，是名智慧。
Your kinds of monks and nuns! If having intelligence and gnosis, then not greedily lingering; often self check, not let it be, if so, you can unfetter in “I law”. If not, neither path walker nor white collar, can not be named. Very factual intelligence and gnosis, then are solid Ark to ferry over older illness and death sea, also are great light in non-light (i.e., ignorant) darkness, are good medicine for all illnesses, sharp ax for chopping down annoyance trees. Therefore, your kinds etc. should by heard, meant, and cultivated gnosis to self-benefit. If people who is with illumination of intelligence and gnosis, even though only with flesh eye, also are people with bright vision, hence the name Intelligence Gnosis.
17.3.16
汝等僧尼！若种种戏论，其心则乱，虽复出家，犹未得脱。是故比丘，当急舍离乱心戏论。若汝欲得寂灭乐者，唯当善灭戏论之患，是名不戏论。
Your kinds of monks and nuns! If meet kinds of gamely theses, hearts are disturbed into chaos, even though come out household life again, can not gain liberation. Therefore, your kinds of monks and nuns, should speedily leave muddle heart gamely theses. If you desire to gain silent extinctive laugh, only should be good at terminating faults of gamely theses, hence the name No Gamely Theses.
17.3.17
汝等僧尼！于诸功德，常当一心，舍诸放逸，如离怨贼。大悲世尊，所说利益，皆已究竟。汝等但当勤而行之。若于山间，若空泽中，若在树下，闲处静室，念所受法，勿令忘失，常当自勉，精进修之，无为空死，后致有悔。我如良医！知病说药，服与不服，非医咎也。又如善导，导人善道，闻之不行，非导过也。
Your kinds of monks and nuns! Should always be one heart with achievements and virtues, abandon laxness like leaving resentful thieves. Great Sorrowful Social Honor said benefits, all have been finalized. Your kinds should only diligently practice it. Such as in the mountains, in empty swamp, under a tree, or in a quiet room, recite what laws you have received, have them not forgotten, constantly encourage yourself, diligently put efforts to practice it, do not be death in vain, so that, regret later. I am like a good doctor, knowing illness then speaking of prescriptions; take the medication or not, that is not doctor’s fault. And more, I am like a guide, guide people to the benevolent path; hearers hear it, not walk on it, that is not guide’s fault.
17.3.18 毕竟功德 Fortunes and Virtues of Finalization
汝等若于苦等四谛有所疑者，可疾问之，毋得怀疑，不求决也。尔时世尊，如是三唱，人无问者，所以者何？众无疑故。时桫鲁-法索椤，观察众心，而白佛言：“世尊！月可令热，日可令冷，佛说四谛，不可令异。佛说苦谛实苦，不可令乐。集真是因，更无异因，苦若灭者，即是因灭。因灭故果灭，灭苦之道，实是真道。更无余道。世尊！是诸比丘，于四谛中，决定无疑。”
If you etc. whoever has doubt about Bitter, Aggregate, Salvation, and Path, the Four Victorious Cruxes, ask quickly, should not bosom doubt, not pursue finalization. At that time, Social Honor thus asked three times, nobody asked, why did that? Because crowds have no suspicion. At that time, Sal Fasullo (the manager of the ritual) investigated hearts of crowds and reported to Buddha: “Social Honor! Moon may turn into hot; sun may turn into cold. Four Victorious Cruxes spoken by Buddha, shall not be different. Buddha said that Bitter Crux is factual bitterness, shall not make it laugh. Aggregate Crux is reason of Bitter, no more mutant cause. If bitter is terminated, that is termination on cause. The reason is terminated, therefore fruit fades, the Path of terminating bitterness is factual Path, no more extra path. Social Honor! We monks and nuns resolutely have no doubt about the Four Victorious Cruxes.”
17.3.19
“于此众中，所作未办者，见佛灭度，当有悲感。若有初入法者，闻佛所说，即皆得度。譬如夜见电光，即得见道。若所作已办，已度苦海者，但作是念，‘世尊灭度，一何疾哉！’”
“Among the crowds, there are what are doing have not done yet, seeing Buddha’s terminally ferry, should have sorrow. If there are new juristic entrants, heard what Buddha said, immediately all get ferried, such as appearance of lightning in night, instantly sees their path. Those what should do have been done, already ferried over the bitter sea, only make the spell, ‘Social Honor terminally ferry, what a rush!’” 
17.3.20
桫鲁-法索椤虽说此语，众中皆悉了达四圣谛义。世尊欲令此诸大众皆得坚固，以大悲心，复为众说；“汝等比丘，勿怀悲恼，若我住世一劫，会亦当灭。会而不离，终不可得。自利利他，法皆具足。若我久住，更无所益。应可度者，若天上人间，皆悉已度。其未度者，皆亦已作得度因缘。自今以后，我诸弟子，展转行之，则是如来法身，常在而不灭也。是故当知，世皆无常，会必有离，勿怀忧恼，世相如是。当勤精进，早求解脱；以智慧明，灭诸痴暗。”
Even though Sal Fasullo only spoke of these words, among crowds, all understood the significances of the Four Victorious Cruxes completely. Social Honor desired to make all people confident, with great sorrowful heart, spoke again: “Your kinds of monks and nuns! Do not bosom sorrowful annoyances, even if I dwell on the world one catastrophe more, meeting still will extinguish, meeting without separation can not be gained at last. Self-benefit and benefit-others, laws have them fully. Even if I dwell longer, no further benefit to. Should be ferried, such skies above, among humans, all have been ferried; those have not been ferried, all have been projected causes or aggregative factors to be ferried. From now on, all my disciples develop and practice it, then that is Tathagata’s juristic body permanently dwells, never perishes. Therefore, you should know that all in the world are impermanent, union has separation, do not bosom gloomily annoyances, mundane phenomena are such like! Should diligently advance, strive to unfetter early, by light of intelligence and gnosis to terminate darkness of ignorance.”
17.3.21
“世实危脆、无坚牢者，我今得灭，如除恶病。此是应舍之身，罪恶之物，假名为身，没在老病生死大海，何有智者，得除灭之，如杀怨贼，而不欢喜。”
“The world is fragile factually, nobody is a prisoner in an indestructible; I will perish today, like a ferocious disease is removed. The body should be abandoned, a ferocious evil thing, fictitiously named as body, submerged in the sea of old, illness, birth, and death, whoever wise shall remove, terminate it, like killing a resentful thief, not rejoice!”
17.3.22 
“汝等僧尼！常当一心，勤求出道。一切世间动不动法，皆是败坏不安之相。汝等且止，勿得复语，时将欲过，我欲灭度，是我最后之所教诲。”
“Your kinds of monks and nuns! Should constantly with one heart, diligently seek ousting path. All mundane movable and immovable laws, all are ruin phenomena of disquietudes! Your kinds stop! Don’t utter a word again! Time passes over desire, I desire terminally ferry, this is my last teaching.”
↪️返回第17章目录↪️Back to Catalog of Chapter 17-https://web.6parkbbs.com/index.php?app=forum&act=view&tid=4310463