🧭苦谛的目录 Content of Bitter Crux：13.1 欲界 Desire Boundary；13.1.1 地狱趣 Hell Interest；13.1.2 畜生趣 Livestock Interest；13.1.3 饿鬼趣 Hungry Ghost Interest；13.1.4 修罗趣 Asura Interest；13.1.5 人趣 Human Interest；13.1.6 欲天趣 Desire Sky Interest；13.2 色界 Color Boundary；13.3 无色界 Colorless Boundary；13.4 统观大千世界 General View of the Great Grand Worlds.
苦谛谈三千大千世界（如图13.1）的众生相是一大苦具。三千大千世界是由1，000，000，000尘刹土世界构成的。尘刹土是一瞬间的感知，亦作一小世界。土是身土义，亦作佛。佛是梵语，觉义，圣人义。古人称一千位一小千，一百万为一中千，十亿为一大千。古人在读时，先看见三组三个零，就读出了三千，又看见三千是一个数字，就读成了 三千大千世界。实际上三千大千世界和大千世界的意义相同。
The Bitter Crux talks about phenomena that Three-Grand Great-Grand World of sentient beings are a big bitter aggregate. The Three-Grand Great-Grand World is composed of 1,000,000,000 “dust instant soils”. The “dust instant soils” means the momentary body and mind, is also called “a small world”. The soil means perception, Buddha. Buddha is a Pali word, means Perception, sage. The ancients called a thousand a small grand, a million a medium grand, and a billion a great grand. When the ancients read it, they first saw three groups of three zeros and read "three grands". Then saw that three thousand are one number, so they read it as "three-grand great-grand world”. In fact, the Three-Grand Great-Grand World and the Great-Grand World have the same meaning.
  
13.1 欲界 Desire Boundary (fig.13.1-23)
依据对根本十戒的遵守与违犯，古德把众生分成了六类，称作六道，或六趣。根本十戒亦可分为十恶戒和十善戒。十恶戒是：1.杀生，2.偷盗，3.邪淫， 4.妄语，5.绮语，6.恶口，7.两舌，8.悭贪，9.嗔恚，10.邪见。古人根据对十恶戒的违犯程度，把恶人分成了三类，称作三恶趣（如图22至20），或三恶道，分别是地狱趣、畜生趣、和恶鬼趣。
Based on the observance or violation of the Ten Fundamental Precepts, Ancient Virtues divided all living beings into six categories, called the six paths, or six interests. The Ten Fundamental Precepts can also be divided into the Ten Ferocious Precepts and the Ten Benevolent Precepts. The ten ferocious precepts are: 1. killing, 2. stealing, 3. heretical sexual conduction, 4. delusional speech, 5. flowery speech, 6. ferocious speech, 7. two-tongue, 8. stingy greed, 9. hatred irritability, and 10. heretic. According to the degree of violation of the ten ferocious precepts, the ancients divided the ferocious sentient beings into three categories called the Three Ferocious Interests (cf. figs. 22 to 20), or the Three Ferocious Paths, which are the hell interests, the livestock interests, and the hungry ghost interests.
不作以上十恶，就是十善：（一）不杀生，或不唯不行杀害，更能实行救护；（二）不偷盗，或不唯不行非予取，更能实行给施；（三）不邪淫，或不唯不行淫邪，更能实行清净。此前三戒是身戒，是约束身体行为的戒律。什么是不杀生？如自己不亲自杀生，不帮助别人杀生，不制造运输杀人的武器装备，不建议怂恿和歌颂死亡。
Not committing the above ten ferocities are the Ten Benevolences: (1) not to kill, or not only not to kill but also to save lives; (2) not to steal, or not only not to steal but also to practice donation; (3) not to commit heretical sex, or not only not to commit heretical sex but also to practice immaculateness. The previous three precepts are body precepts that govern bodily physical behavior. What is it to refrain from killing? Such as one does not kill personally, does not help others to kill, does not manufacture or transport weapons and equipment for killing, does not recommend encourage and eulogize death.
（四）不妄语，或不唯不行诳惑，更能言说真实语；（五）不绮语，或不唯不行魅惑，更能作利益语。（六）不恶口，或不唯不行粗犷，更能善言安慰；（七）不两舌，或不唯不行离间，更能从中调和。此四是口戒。
(4) not to speak delusionally, or not only not to muddle and deceive, but also to speak truthfully; (5) not to use flowery speech, or not only not to seduce, but also to speak for the benefit of others. (6) not to speak of coarse ferocious language, or not only not to speak ferociously, but also to speak kindly to console; (7) not to two-tongue, not only not to sow discord, but also to conciliate and harmonize. The four are oral precepts.
（八）不悭贪，或不唯不行悭吝，更能进行施舍；（九）不嗔恚，或不唯不行愤恚，更能恒生慈念；（十）不邪见，或不唯不行邪见，更能信行四谛因果理。此三是意戒。
(8) not to be stingy greed, or not only not to be stingily greed, but also to perform donation; (9) not to be resentfully irritated, or not only not to be angry, but also to be able to bear merciful spell; (10) not to be heretical, or not only not to be heretical, but also be able to believe and implement the causes and fruits of the Four Victorious Cruxes. The three are intentional precepts.
古人根据对此十善戒的违犯程度，把善人分成了三类，分别是修罗趣（如图19），人趣（如图18），和天趣（如图15至1）。六趣亦作六道，是说此类人正行进在去往地狱、恶鬼等处的道路上。本章后文对此六趣做进一步的分析和辨别。
According to the degree of violation of these Ten Good Precepts, Ancient Virtues divided the good people into three categories, namely, Asura Interest (cf. fig. 19), Human Interest (cf. fig. 18), and Sky Interest (cf. figs. 15 to 1). The six Interests are also known as Six Paths; Path mean that such people are traveling on the road to hell, hungry ghost, and so on places. These six interests are further analyzed and identified below in this chapter.
古德又根据众生的种性把众生分成了三界。界是因义，种子义，是生命之树的四大种之一（参见11.2节的四大种）。欲界，如插图13.1-35所示，义为此界众生，都是从欲望的种子而有，都有饮食、睡眠、性交等色声香味触五欲。那还有没有欲望的人吗？插图36是色界，那种境界的人没有男女差别，也没有饮食的欲望，和睡眠的需求。插图37是无色界，是纯粹的思想意识状态，没有身体的感觉，自然就没有饮食、睡眠、和性生活的需求。
The ancient sages divided all sentient beings into three boundaries according to their seed nature. The boundary means cause, seed, is one of the four big seeds (cf. section 11.2) of the Tree of Life. Desire Boundary, as shown in Illustrations 13.1-35, means that all beings in this boundary are born from the seeds of desires, have the five desires of color, sound, smell, taste, and touch, such as eating, sleeping, and sexual intercourse. Are there any who have no desires? Fig. 36 is Color Boundary, where there is no difference between men and women, and there is no desire for food, drink, or sleep. Fig. 37 is Colorless Boundary, which are pure conscious states, with no bodily feelings, so naturally there is no need at all for food, drink, sleep, or sexual intercourse.
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13.1.1 地狱趣 Hell Interest (Fig. 13.1.1-22)
地狱义为心路绝处，不幸处，是犯了五逆罪或上品十恶罪的人所去的，吃苦受折磨的地方。在三恶道，即地狱道、畜生道、和饿鬼道中，地狱是火途，谓此道是恶人受炽火烧烤的旅途（如插图13.1.1-22）。
Hell means the place of despair and misfortune. It is where people who commit “Five Crimes of Anti” or the upper grade of “Ten-Ferocity Crimes” go, where they suffer and are tortured. Among the three evil paths, namely the hell path, livestock path, and hungry ghost path, hell is fire path, which means that this path is a journey where evil people are roasted by fiery fire (as shown in Figure 13.1.1-22).
13.1.1.1 五逆罪 Five Crimes of Anti
五逆是指弑父，杀母，出神身血，杀阿罗汉，破和合僧。一般人都是由父母抚养长大的，杀害自己的父母，会破坏内心的环境，患精神病，也就是堕入地狱。
The Five Antis are patricide, matricide, bleeding god’s body, killing an Ararat, and to ruin monk making. People are generally raised by their parents, when they kill their parents, they destroy their inner environment and suffer from mental illness, which means they fall into hell. 
神的外貌是人思维机制中的默认模型，亦作大种（参见11.2《四大种》）。当大种有变化时，依其所造的一切都会随着改变，所以人看见流血的神会引起神经错乱，所以说出神身血会堕入地狱（即患精神病，案例参见10.8 《神的外貌》。另外，盗、毁、和诽谤神佛的常驻物也属于出神身血罪。神佛的常驻物如神龛，佛像，庙宇、以及庙宇中的器具等。
The appearance of God is the default model in mind mechanism, also known as the big seed (see 11.2 "Four Big Seeds"). When the big seed changes, everything created by it will change accordingly. Therefore, seeing God bleeding will cause mental disorder, so saying that bleeding God's body will cause people to fall into hell (i.e. suffer from mental illness, for examples, see 10.8 "Godly Appearances"). In addition, stealing, destroying, and slandering the permanent dwelling objects of Gods and Buddhas also belong to the sin of bleeding God. The permanent objects of Gods and Buddhas include shrines, Buddha statues, temples, and vessels in temples, etc.
杀阿罗汉就是杀佛。罗汉山是对成就罗汉果（参见15.2.6《四沙门果》）圣人的称呼，亦作金刚山，佛。
Killing an Ararat is killing a Buddha. Mountain Ararat is a fame for a sage who has achieved the Ararat Fruit (see 15.2.6 "Four Shamanic Fruits”), also known as Philosopher-Stone Mountain, Buddha.
破和合僧就是破坏上帝三人组（即神父，金童（亚当），和玉女（夏娃）；参见10.9《上帝的三和合》）的合成。僧义为上帝的社区，即上帝的三和合。例如本书第18章《墨西哥法典》中，当墨西哥（亦作金童，亚当，特拉洛克，狮子）从地狱里反回到纳瓦特国后，翠玉女（即玉女，夏娃）拒绝把王位转交给墨西哥。这时月亮女神苦尤姬（如图26）带兵围住了圣城，要挟天道轮回的守护女神蔻特鹠鸺（Coatlicue），要从废黜的金童中选举出一位特拉洛克。墨西哥说： “如果民主选举能造出特拉洛克（即佛），左翼蜂鸟（即神父）就没必要牺牲自己来造特拉洛克了。” 说着，他就砍下了月亮女神苦尤姬的头，并把她的尸体肢解成了许多块儿（如图25所示）。就这样，这位月亮女神立刻成为了一位亚特兰蒂斯（义为大西洋的叛逆者，如图26），沉没到了大西洋底。
To ruin monk making, English word Monk is Sanskrit word Sangha, means the community of Godly trinity (see 10.9 “Godly Trinity”). To ruin Monk making is to destroy the combination of the Godly Trinity, Godfather, Gold Boy (Adam), and Jade Girl (Eve). For example, in Chapter 18 of this book, "Mexican Codex", when Mexico (also known as the Gold Boy, Tlaloc, Adam, Great Black Sky, and Jaguar) returned to the Nahuatl Kingdom from hell, Chalchiuhtlicue (i.e., Jade Girl, Eve) refused to hand over the throne to Mexico. At this time, the moon goddess Coyolxauhqui (as shown in Figure 26) led a siege to the sacred city Coatepec, threatened the Godly Cycle Guardian, Coatlicue, to elect a Tlaloc from the deposed Gold Boys. Mexico said: "If democratic elections can create Tlaloc (i.e., Buddha), there is no need for Huitzilopochtli (i.e., the Godfather, new sun god) to sacrifice himself to create Tlaloc." As he said this, he chopped off the head of the moon goddess Coyolxauhqui and dismembered her body into many pieces (as shown in Figure 25). In this way, Coyolxauhqui, an emerging Mount Ararat, immediately became one of Atl-anti-s (Atlantis means Atlantic rebels) and sank to the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean.
 
插图23是公元七世纪墨西哥的帕卡尔（Pakal）王的棺材盖板，显示特拉洛克（又名金童，狮子）在得知神父过世的信息后，体内发生了爆炸，堕入了地狱（即患了精神病），如狮子头在火匣中所表示。整幅图像似人在操纵一部机器，表明特拉洛克在地狱中觉悟到了 “五逆和十恶罪” 是对心理机制的逆操作，从而他觉悟到了人神契约（参见16.2节）。
Illustration 23 is the coffin cover of King Pakal of Mexico in the seventh century CE., showing that after learning about the death of his godfather, Tlaloc (also known as the Golden Child, Jaguar) exploded inside his body and fell into hell (i.e., he became mentally ill), as represented by the Jaguar's head in the firebox. The whole image looks like a person operating a machine, indicating that Tlaloc realized in hell that the "five anti crimes and ten ferocious deeds" are the reverse operation of mind mechanism, thus he realized The Covenant Ark (see Section 16.2).
13.1.1.2 上品十恶 Top Ten Ferocities
本文从对境增上，对烦恼心增上，和对所作事增上，这三个方面来辨别地狱趣。
This article identifies the hellish interest in terms of the three aspects of the escalation to environments of heart, the escalation to vexatious heart, and the escalation to affairs.
一）对心理环境增上，如杀父、弑母、出神身血、杀阿罗汉、破和合僧；再如毁盗宗教常住物，欺诳君父师长等。
1. Escalation to the psychological environments, such as killing father, killing mother, bleeding God, killing Ararat, breaking the production of godly trinity; and destroying or stealing religious permanent relics, deceiving leader of the state, father, and teachers, etc.
二）对烦恼心增上，如极重嗔缠，猛利嗔愤等。
2. Escalation to vexatious heart, such as extremely heavy irritable entanglement, extremely ferocious hate, and indignation, etc.
三）对事增上，如数数杀生，数数偷盗，数数邪见，日积月累不改悔等。
3. Escalation to affairs, such as again and again killing sentients, again and again stealing and robbing, again and again being heretical, accumulating days and months without repentance, etc.
以要言之，纯从分别见惑所发恶业，名为上品十恶，是地狱因。
To summarize, the ferocious karmas that arise purely from the discriminative view muddles are called the Top Ten Ferocities, and it is the cause of hell.
13.1.1.3 八寒八热地狱 Eight Cold and Eight Hot Hells
地狱有八寒，八热大地狱，一百零八游增地狱等说法。八寒八热等大狱，各有眷属，其类无数。此狱众生，随其作业轻重，经劫不定。罪重者，一日之中，数十次生死劫难。寿命不定，极长者可达一劫。
There are eight cold great hells, eight hot great hells, and 108 temporary supplement hells. Eight cold and eight hot great hells, each has its own families and affiliations, categories are countless. The sentient beings in the prisons, depending on the severity of their karma makings, experience uncertain. Those who have committed serious crimes suffer dozens of death-and-alive disasters in one day. Their lifespans are uncertain, the extremely long one can reach a catastrophe.
地狱趣的寿命怎么这么长？前文说了，大千世界谈的是业，业相互熏染，可存活数十、百年，例如传统（也是业）能流传数千年。
Why do hell interests have such a long lifespan? As mentioned earlier, what the world is talking about is karma, and karma infects each other, can survive for tens or hundreds of years. For example, traditions (also karmas) can be passed down for thousands of years.
八寒地狱 Eight Cold Hells
一）疱，寒苦触身，如疮疱故。
二）疱裂，谓寒苦所逼，疱即拆裂也。
1. Blister, cold bitter touches their bodies, like sores, hence the hell gets the name.
2. Blister Cracking, that means that Blisters are forced by cold bitterness, the blisters burst immediately, hence the hell gets the name.
三）阿吒吒，谓寒苦增极，舌作此声也。
四）阿波波，谓寒苦增极，唇作此声也。
五）呕喉，谓寒苦增极，喉作此声也。
3. Azhazha, it is said that due to the cold bitters, the tongue makes this sounds.
4. Abobo, it is said that the cold bitters are increasing, the lips make this sounds.
5. Ouhoho, it is said that the cold bitters are increasing to their extreme, the throat makes this sounds.
六）青莲花，谓寒逼皮肉开拆，色似此花也。
七）红莲花，谓寒逼肉色大拆，似此花也。
八）白莲花，谓寒逼皮肉脱落，骨色似此花也。
6. Turquoise Lotus Flower, saying that being forced by coldness, skins crack and fleshes are exposed, the colors are like the flower.
7. Red Lotus Flower, saying that being forced by coldness, fleshes are torn apart, just like this flower.
8. White Lotus Flower, saying that being forced by coldness, skins and fleshes are falling off, the bones’ colors are like this flower.
八热地狱 Eight Hot Hells
一）等活，谓其中众生，互相嗔忿，斫剌磨捣，死已复活，活已复死。
二）黑绳，如世人以锯解木，此狱狱卒以黑绳劈锯罪犯，故此得名黑绳地狱。
1. Equal Alive, means that all living beings in it are angry with each other, being stabbed and tortured; the dead have been resurrected, and the living die again.
2. Black Rope, like daily life people sawing wood by a saw, the jailers saw criminals with a black rope, so it is called the Black Rope Hell.
三）众合，众山四合，碎身成尘，故而得名。
四）嚎叫，把罪犯置于大镬中，沸汤烹煮，罪犯号啕叫唤，故而得名号叫地狱。
3. Crowds Gathering, crowds of mountains are gathering toward those criminals, their bodies are squashed into dusts, hence the hell gets the name.
4. Howling, the criminals are put in a big wok, are boiled together with the soup, those criminals are desperately howling, hence the hell get the name.
五）大嚎叫，把狱犯放在热铁鏊中，受煎熬苦，狱犯急极切大叫，故名。
六）炎热，谓烈火猛焰，烧炙糜烂，故名。
七）炙热，谓置于火中，内外烧害，故名。
5. Great Howling, the prisoners are put into the hot iron griddle, let them suffer being fried and boiled, those prisoners are desperately howling, hence the name.
6. Flaming Hot, means that criminals are roasted by raging fire and fierce flames, whole bodies are eroding, hence the name.
7. Red Hot, means that those prisoners are put in fires, Internal and external all burns, hence the name.
八）无间地狱，谓受苦无有间歇也。无间有五义：一者趣果无间，谓有极重罪者，向此地狱接近，受其果报，无有间歇；二者受苦无间，谓在此狱，受诸痛苦，无有间歇；三者时无间，谓此狱中，众生在一切时节都受苦，无有间歇；四者命无间，谓此地狱，生而复死，死已还生，无有间歇；五者形无间，谓此地狱，受罪众生，生死往复，身形瞬变，无有间歇。
8. Non-intermission Hell means suffering without a break. Non-intermission has five significances. First significance is succeeding interest’s fruits are non-intermission, the saying is that those who have committed extremely serious crimes approach this hell and receive its retribution fruits without intermission. Secondly, in the hell, the receiving bitter is non-intermission. Thirdly, in the hell, prisoners are tortured all the time, non-intermission. Fourth, life is non-intermission. The saying is that in the hell, death after birth, birth after death repeatedly, non-intermission. Fifth is form non-intermission, means that in this hell, sentient beings are suffering birth and death continuously none stop, and their bodily forms transforms instantly, non-intermission.
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