梵语涅槃义为圆满的寂静，是苦或烦恼全部被消灭后的身心清净状态，故亦名无所有。玄奘法师和弟子窥基在《成唯识论》中从四个方面谈涅槃：无余依涅槃，有余依涅槃，自性涅槃，和无住涅槃。
Nirvana in Sanskrit means perfectly fulfilled quietness, which is the quiet state of body and heart after all bitterness or troubles have been eliminated, so it is also called Empty After All. Tang Tripitaka (aka. Tang Buddha) and his disciple Kuiji discussed Nirvana from four aspects in Establishing Sense-Only Treatise: Nirvana without Residual Dependence, Nirvana with Residual Dependence, Self-Nature Nirvana, and Non-Dwell Nirvana.
 
一、无余依涅槃，玄奘说：“真如出生死苦，烦恼既尽，余依亦灭，众苦永寂，故名涅槃。” 真如即七真如，参见11.6.4节《离系果》。余依，即依之而灭苦的依靠，是依善灭恶的善。余依亦灭，是说善恶两灭。
1. Nirvana without Residual Dependent, Tang Tripitaka said, “by True Suchness, migrator has ousted bitter of birth and death, the annoyances are exhausted, and the residual dependence is extinguished also, crowds of bitter are forever silent, therefore, the nirvana is named.” The True Suchness is the seven true suchness in the section 11.6.4 Off-is Fruit. The residual dependence, i.e., the reliance by which bitter is extinguished, is the benevolence by which ferocity is extinguished. That the residual dependence is also extinguished, means that both benevolence and ferocity are extinguished.
无余依涅槃即是插图15.1.1-2所示的无所有天；那是什么？是常遍处。常是无意识（古作神识）的常，例如青黄赤白之一。此常只是现量，无名，无色，无量，不可说。常见的无余依涅槃别名有微妙本心，毕竟空，正等明，常寂光天，无所有天，涅槃，圆成实相。对于文字思维型人（即语音思维型人），此常寂光天常被称作“啊”，例如安拉，和“欧姆”，例如欧麦克（Olmec，如图32所示的头像）。广义的无余依涅槃是插图1至6，亦作遍净天。
The “Nirvana without Residual Dependent” is the “No Objectively Have Sky” shown in illustration 15.1.1-2; what is that? It is pervasively constant. It is constant of the unconscious (anciently God-sense), such as turquoise, yellow, red, or white. This constant is only the “present quantity” (see section 11.4.5), is nameless, colorless, and immeasurable; so, it cannot be described or spoken. Common other names for the “Nirvana without Residual Dependent” include “wonderful delicate original heart”, “empty after all”, “correct equality light”, “constant silent light sky”, “not objectively have sky”, nirvana, “perfectly established factual phenomenon”. For word thinkers (i.e. phonetically thinking people), this “constant silent light sky” is often referred to as “ah”, e.g. Allah, and “om”, e.g. Olmec (the Buddha or God shown in Figure 32). The broad sense of the “Nirvana without Residual Dependence” is illustrations 1 to 6, also called the “pervasively immaculate sky”.
二、有余依涅槃，玄奘说：“真如出烦恼障，虽有微苦，所依未灭，而障永寂，故名涅槃。” 障是指异生性的所知障和烦恼障（参见11.4.4.2-4节的异生性）。此说择灭无为法，即有选择地消灭了某些根本烦恼，如下文中四种离系果中的前三果，和道谛菩萨十地中的前七地都是选择性地消灭了主要的烦恼障，所处的境界都是不同程度的有余依涅槃。
2. Nirvana with Residual Dependence, Tang Tripitaka said, “with True Suchness, migrator has ousted annoyance hindrances, although there is slight bitter, the residual dependence is not terminated, but the hindrances are silent permanently, so it is called Nirvana." Hindrances mean the Know Hindrance and Mean Hindrance of Mutant Nature (see section 11.4.4.2-4 Mutant Nature). This is saying Selectively Termination None-as Laws, such as the first three of the four Shamanic Fruits (see figs. 33) in section 15.2, and the first seven of the ten lands in Path Crux, all are the states of choosing fundamental annoyances to eliminate, they achieve varying degrees of nirvana.
插图1至13，除了2，都是有余依涅槃。当修习者懂得了四胜谛，就获得了最低质量的“有余依涅槃”，成为了竹马天（如图13所示），即独角马，梵语作补特伽罗，义为习气疙瘩。
Illustrations 1 to 13, except 2, are all “Nirvana with Residual Dependence”. When the practitioner understands the Four Victorious Cruxes, he or she will attain the lowest quality of “Nirvana with Residual Dependence” and become “Hobbyhorse Sky” (as shown in Figure 13), that is a unicorn, which is called Pudgala in Sanskrit, meaning a lump of habit.
三、自性涅槃，玄奘说，“本来自性清淨涅槃，谓一切法相真如理，虽有客染而本性淨，具无数量微妙功德，无生无灭湛若虚空，一切有情平等共有，与一切法不一不异，离一切相、一切分别，寻思路绝，名言道断，唯真圣者自内所证，其性本寂故名涅槃。”
3. Self-Nature Nirvana, Tang Tripitaka said, “The original quiet self-nature is Nirvana, which is all true suchness of juristic phenomena. Although it is contaminated by guest dusts, its original nature is immaculate, with countless delicate wonderful fortunes and virtues, no birth, no death, and as clear as space, commonwealth-ed equally by all sentient beings, not one and no differences from all laws, free from all phenomena and discriminations. If you search or mean on it, the path ends, if you call its name or utter words, the path is broken. Only the true sage can prove it from within; its nature is inherently silent, hence Nirvana.
四、无住涅槃，玄奘说，“真如出所知障，大悲般若常所辅翼，由斯不住生死涅槃，利乐有情穷未来际，用而常寂故名涅槃。” 此涅槃是说此人由于常用集起（参见14.1节）智，所以在他或她的前意识中形成了一个集起的空集∅，就是无住涅槃。
4. Non-Dwell Nirvana, Tang Tripitaka said: “by true suchness, migrator has ousted Know Hindrance, assisted by Great Sorrowfulness and Arrival Ark constantly, therefore he or she does not dwell in nirvana, benefits and pleases sentient beings to the exhaustion of future, usage but constantly silent, hence name of nirvana”. This nirvana means that because the person often uses Aggregate Arousal (see section 14.1) intelligence, therefore there is empty sets (∅) of Aggregate Arousal is formed in his or her preconsciousness, which is the Non-Dwell Nirvana. 
什么是大悲？大悲是说释迦摩尼（即金童，亚当）对神父（即上帝）为拯救世界而牺牲悲伤不已，每当说起或想到神父他就哭，后半生都没能从对神父牺牲的悲哀中恢复过来。因为慈悲喜舍是四无量心，佛对神父悲伤给予了佛无穷的力量。佛教以此大悲为根本。
What is the great sorrowfulness? Great Sorrowfulness means that Shakyamuni (aka. Gold Boy, Adam) was deeply saddened by the sacrifice of his godfather (God) for the salvation of the world. Whenever he talked about or thought of godfather, he cried; he was unable to recover from his sorrowfulness for his godfather’s sacrifice for the rest of his life. Because mercifulness, sorrowfulness, delightfulness, and renunciation are the four infinite hearts, so Shakyamuni's Great Sorrowfulness for godfather gave him infinite power. Buddhism is rooted in this Great Sorrowfulness.
↪️返回第15章《灭谛》目录↪️Back to Catalog of Chapter 15 Salvation Crux
坛主:Adam_Luyan于2024_11_07 22:14:35编辑