https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianity_in_the_modern_era

 

俄罗斯东正教会在俄罗斯帝国占有特权地位，教会参与了各种俄罗斯化运动，并被指控参与俄罗斯的反犹太主义。苏联是第一个将消除宗教作为意识形态目标的国家。为此，共产党政权没收教会财产，嘲笑宗教，骚扰信徒，并在学校宣传反宗教无神论宣传。现代历史正统观念中最引人注目的发展之一是东正教基督徒分散到西方。

 

The Russian Orthodox Church held a privileged position in the Russian Empire, The Church became involved in the various campaigns of russification, and was accused of involvement in Russian anti-semitism. The Soviet Union was the first state to have as an ideological objective the elimination of religion.Toward that end, the Communist regime confiscated church property, ridiculed religion, harassed believers, and propagated anti-religious atheistic propaganda in the schools.  One of the most striking developments in modern historical Orthodoxy is the dispersion of Orthodox Christians to the West. 

 

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberal_Christianity

 

自由基督教，有时被称为自由神学，是一个涵盖18世纪，19世纪和20世纪晚期基督教内部多样化，哲学上知情的宗教运动和情绪的总称。

 

Liberal Christianity, sometimes called liberal theology, is an umbrella term covering diverse, philosophically informed religious movements and moods within late 18th, 19th and 20th-century Christianity.